The world health report. health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44371/9789241564021_eng.pdf;jsessionid=491323CCE04887DBCA9F9768D12E6597?sequence=1.
Saksena P, Hsu J, Evans DB. Financial risk protection and universal health coverage: evidence and measurement challenges. PLoS Med. 2014;11(9):e1001701.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J, Murray CJ. Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis. Lancet (London, England). 2003;362(9378):111–7.
Google Scholar
Sriram S. Critical evaluation of two approaches to achieve universal health coverage in India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5:3159–63.
Google Scholar
Xu K, Evans DB, Carrin G, Aguilar-Rivera AM, Musgrove P, Evans T. Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health affairs (Project Hope). 2007;26(4):972–83.
Google Scholar
National Health Accounts: Estimates for India 2014–15. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India. http://nhsrcindia.org/sites/default/files/NHA%20Estimates%20Report%20-%20Final%20Web%20Optimized%20PDF%20Version%20-%2022.11.17_0.pdf.
Sriram S. Availability of infrastructure and manpower for primary health centers in a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7:1256–62.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sriram S. Are the subcenters adequately equipped to deliver primary healthcare? A study of public health manpower and infrastructure in the health district in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8:102–8.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sriram S, Noochpoung R. Determinants of hospital waiting time for outpatient care in India: how demographic characteristics, hospital ownership, and ambulance arrival affect waiting time. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5:2692–8.
Google Scholar
Shahrawat R, Rao KD. Insured yet vulnerable: out-of-pocket payments and India's poor. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(3):213–21.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anderson M, Dobkin C, Gross T. The effect of health insurance coverage on the use of medical services. Am Econ J Econ Pol. 2012;4(1):1–27.
Google Scholar
The Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Escobar M-L, Griffin CC, Shaw RP, editors: Brookings Institution Press; 2010.
Pandey A, Ploubidis GB, Clarke L, Dandona L. Hospitalisation trends in India from serial cross-sectional nationwide surveys: 1995 to 2014. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12):e014188.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hooda SK. Out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in India: who have affected the Most and why? J Health Manag. 2017;19(1):1–15.
Google Scholar
Kumar AKS, Chen LC, Choudhury M, Ganju S, Mahajan V, Sinha A, et al. Financing health care for all: challenges and opportunities. Lancet. 2011;377(9766):668–79.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karan A, Yip W, Mahal A. Extending health insurance to the poor in India: An impact evaluation of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana on out of pocket spending for healthcare. Soc Sci Med (1982). 2017;181:83–92.
Google Scholar
Fan VY, Karan A, Mahal A. State health insurance and out-of-pocket health expenditures in Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Health Care Finance Econ. 2012;12(3):189–215.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taneja PK, Taneja S. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) for universal health coverage. Asian J Management Cases. 2016;13(2):108–24.
Google Scholar
Devadasan N, Seshadri T, Trivedi M, Criel B. Promoting universal financial protection: evidence from the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) in Gujarat, India. Health Res Policy Syst. 2013;11:29.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rao M, Katyal A, Singh PV, Samarth A, Bergkvist S, Kancharla M, et al. Changes in addressing inequalities in access to hospital care in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states of India: a difference-in-differences study using repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open. 2014;4(6):e004471.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Selvaraj S, Karan AK. Why publicly-financed health insurance schemes are ineffective in providing financial risk protection. Econ Polit Wkly. 2012;47(11):60–8.
Google Scholar
Rajasekhar D, Berg E, Ghatak M, Manjula R, Roy S. Implementing health insurance: the rollout of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana in Karnataka. Econ Polit Wkly. 2011;46(20):56–63.
Google Scholar
Rent P, Ghosh S. Understanding the “cash-less” nature of government-sponsored health insurance schemes: evidence from Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Aarogya Yojana in Mumbai. SAGE Open. 2015;5(4):2158244015614607.
Google Scholar
Mitchell A, Mahal A, Bossert T. Healthcare utilisation in rural Andhra Pradesh. Econ Polit Wkly. 2011;46(5):15–9.
Google Scholar
Aggarwal A. Impact evaluation of India's 'Yeshasvini' community-based health insurance programme. Health Econ. 2010;19(Suppl):5–35.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sood N, Bendavid E, Mukherji A, Wagner Z, Nagpal S, Mullen P. Government health insurance for people below poverty line in India: quasi-experimental evaluation of insurance and health outcomes. BMJ. 2014;349:g5114.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ghosh S. Publicly-financed health Insurance for the Poor Understanding RSBY in Maharashtra. Econ Polit Wkly. 2014;49(44):93–9.
Google Scholar
Shahi AK, Singh H. Impact of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna on below poverty line population: an interstate analysis. J Health Manag. 2015;17(3):316–27.
Google Scholar
Das J, Leino J. Evaluating the RSBY: lessons from an experimental information campaign. Econ Polit Wkly. 2011;46(32):85–93.
Google Scholar
Thakur H. Study of Awareness, Enrollment, and Utilization of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (National Health Insurance Scheme) in Maharashtra, India. Frontiers Public Health. 2016;3(282):1–13.
Nandi A, Ashok A, Laxminarayan R. The socioeconomic and institutional determinants of participation in India’s health insurance scheme for the poor. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66296.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rathi P, Mukherji A, Sen G. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana Evaluating Utilisation, Roll-out and Perceptions in Amaravati District, Maharashtra. Econ Polit Wkly. 2012;XLVII:57–64.
Google Scholar
Devadasan N, Criel B, Van Damme W, Manoharan S, Sarma PS, Van der Stuyft P. Community health insurance in Gudalur, India, increases access to hospital care. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25(2):145–54.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Devadasan N, Criel B, Van Damme W, Ranson K, Van der Stuyft P. Indian community health insurance schemes provide partial protection against catastrophic health expenditure. BMCHhealth Services Res. 2007;7:43.
Google Scholar
Ranson MK. Reduction of catastrophic health care expenditures by a community-based health insurance scheme in Gujarat, India: current experiences and challenges. Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(8):613–21.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Key Indicators of Social Consumption in India Health 2014. National Sample Survey Organization. Government of India. http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/KI_Health_75th_Final.pdf.
Abadie A. Difference-in-Difference Estimators. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 1–4.
Google Scholar
Heckman J, Vytlacil J. Econometric evaluation of social programs, part II: Using the marginal treatment effect to organize alternative econometric estimators to evaluate social programs, and to forecast their effects in new environments. In: Heckman JJ, Leamer EE, editors. Handbook of econometrics; Vol. 6B.[u.a.]. Amsterdam: Elsevier; ISBN 978-0-444-53200-8. 2007. p. 4875–5143.
Dugoff EH, Schuler M, Stuart EA. Generalizing observational study results: applying propensity score methods to complex surveys. Health Serv Res. 2014;49(1):284–303.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ridgeway G, Kovalchik SA, Griffin BA, Kabeto MU. Propensity score analysis with survey weighted data. J Causal Inference. 2015;3(2):237–49.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Faries D, Leon A, Haro J, Obenchain R. Analysis of observational health care data using SAS®. Cary: SAS Institute Inc.; 2010.
Google Scholar
Wooldridge JM. Introductory econometrics. A modem approach. Second edition. Thomson South-Western USA: South-Western Cengage Learning products; 2003.
Dantas I, Santana R, Sarmento J, Aguiar P. The impact of multiple chronic diseases on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):348.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kasthuri A. Challenges to healthcare in India - the five A's. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):141–3.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Patel V, Chatterji S, Chisholm D, Ebrahim S, Gopalakrishna G, Mathers C, et al. Chronic diseases and injuries in India. Lancet. 2011;377(9763):413–28.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kastor A, Mohanty SK. Disease-specific out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditure on hospitalization in India: do Indian households face distress health financing? PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196106.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Berry JG, Gay JC, Joynt Maddox K, Coleman EA, Bucholz EM, O’Neill MR, et al. Age trends in 30 day hospital readmissions: US national retrospective analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2018;360:k497.
Google Scholar
McPhail SM. Multimorbidity in chronic disease: impact on health care resources and costs. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2016;9:143–56.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brinda EM, Andres AR, Enemark U. Correlates of out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditures in Tanzania: results from a national household survey. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2014;14:5.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Getachew B, Liabsuetrakul T. Health care expenditure for delivery care between maternity waiting home users and nonusers in Ethiopia. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2019;34(2):e1334–e1345.
O'Connor M, Hanlon A, Naylor MD, Bowles KH. The impact of home health length of stay and number of skilled nursing visits on hospitalization among Medicare-reimbursed skilled home health beneficiaries. Res Nurs Health. 2015;38(4):257–67.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barik D, Thorat A. Issues of Unequal Access to Public Health in India. Front Public Health. 2015;3:245.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Aji B, De Allegri M, Souares A, Sauerborn R. The impact of health insurance programs on out-of-pocket expenditures in Indonesia: an increase or a decrease? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10(7):2995–3013.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ekman B. Catastrophic health payments and health insurance: some counterintuitive evidence from one low-income country. Health Policy. 2007;83(2–3):304–13.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Forgia G, Nagpal S. Government-sponsored health Insurance in India: are You covered?. Directions in development. Washington DC: World Bank; 2012.
Google Scholar
McIntyre D, Thiede M, Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. What are the economic consequences for households of illness and of paying for health care in low- and middle-income country contexts? Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(4):858–65.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rudra S, Kalra A, Kumar A, Joe W. Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0176916.
Weerasinghe M, Fernando DN. Access to Care in a Plural Health System: concerns for policy reforms. J Coll Commun Physicians Sri Lanka. 2011;14:39–45.
Alam K, Mahal A. Economic impacts of health shocks on households in low and middle income countries: a review of the literature. Glob Health. 2014;10:21.
Google Scholar
Somkotra T, Lagrada LP. Which households are at risk of catastrophic health spending: experience in Thailand after universal coverage. Health affairs (Project Hope). 2009;28(3):w467–78.
Google Scholar
Leone T, James KS, Padmadas SS. The burden of maternal health care expenditure in India: multilevel analysis of national data. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(9):1622–30.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bonu S, Bhushan I, Rani M, Anderson I. Incidence and correlates of 'catastrophic' maternal health care expenditure in India. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24(6):445–56.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bhojani U, Thriveni BS, Devadasan R, Munegowda CM, Devadasan N, Kolsteren P, et al. Out-of-pocket healthcare payments on chronic conditions impoverish urban poor in Bangalore. India BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):990.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thadani K. Public private Partnership in the Health Sector: boon or bane. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014;157:307–16.
Google Scholar
Yadav S, Arokiasamy P. Understanding epidemiological transition in India. Global health action. 2014;7:23248.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li Y, Wu Q, Xu L, Legge D, Hao Y, Gao L, et al. Factors affecting catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment from medical expenses in China: policy implications of universal health insurance. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(9):664–71.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kronenberg C, Barros PP. Catastrophic healthcare expenditure – drivers and protection: the Portuguese case. Health Policy. 2014;115(1):44–51.
PubMed
Google Scholar
K X, P S, Durairaj V, O'Donnell O. The Drivers of Catastrophic Expenditure: Outpatient Services, Hospitalization or Medicines? The World Health Report Background Paper No 21. 2010.
Google Scholar
Molla AA, Chi C, Mondaca ALN. Predictors of high out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure: an analysis using Bangladesh household income and expenditure survey, 2010. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):94.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
You X, Kobayashi Y. Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure in China: analysis using China health and nutrition survey data. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2011;9(1):39–49.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mondal S, Lucas H, Peters D, Kanjilal B. Catastrophic out-of-pocket payment for healthcare and implications for household coping strategies: evidence from West Bengal, India. Econ Bull. 2014;34:1303–16.
Google Scholar
Mohanty SK, Srivastava A. Out-of-pocket expenditure on institutional delivery in India. Health Policy Plan. 2013;28(3):247–62.
PubMed
Google Scholar
da Silva MT, Barros AJD, Bertoldi AD, de Andrade JP, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, et al. Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure on children: an analysis of the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort. Int J Equity Health. 2015;14(1):53.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sarker AR, Mahumud RA, Sultana M, Ahmed S, Ahmed W, Khan JA. The impact of age and sex on healthcare expenditure of households in Bangladesh. SpringerPlus. 2014;3:435.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jiang C, Ma J, Zhang X, Luo W. Measuring financial protection for health in families with chronic conditions in rural China. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):988.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shi W, Chongsuvivatwong V, Geater A, Zhang J, Zhang H, Brombal D. Effect of household and village characteristics on financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to health care spending in Western and Central Rural China: A multilevel analysis. Health Res Policy Syst. 2011;9:16.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alemayehu B, Warner KE. The lifetime distribution of health care costs. Health Serv Res. 2004;39(3):627–42.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fiestas NL. Impact of universal health coverage on catastrophic health expenditure: Evidence from Ghana. European J Public Health. 2018;28(suppl_4):349–50.
Fiestas Navarrete L, Ghislandi S, Stuckler D, Tediosi F. Inequalities in the benefits of national health insurance on financial protection from out-of-pocket payments and access to health services: cross-sectional evidence from Ghana. Health Policy Plan. 2019;34(9):694–705.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sriram S. Health Insurance Programs for the Poor and Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Costs: Evidence using National Sample Survey Data. Value Health. 2020;23(Supplement 1):S95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.1069.
Article
Google Scholar