Effect of health insurance program for the poor on out-of-pocket inpatient care cost in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Table 6 Logistic Regression Results for the Effect of Poor People Health Insurance Program on the Incidence of Hospitalization

Incidence of Hospitalization	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P value
Public Health Insurance for the Poor
Not enrolled (Reference)
Enrolled	1.23	1.06–1.44	0.007
Social Group
Other Backward Classes (Reference)
Scheduled tribes	1.01	0.85–1.19	0.878
Scheduled castes	1.01	0.86–1.19	0.859
Others	1.17	0.96–1.42	0.103
Chronic Illness
No Chronic illness (Reference)
Chronic Illness	3.55	2.87–4.45	< 0.001
Age Groups
0 to 18 years (Reference)
19 to 40 years	1.06	0.82–1.36	0.635
41 to 60 years	2.44	1.89–3.15	< 0.001
61 to 80 years	2.99	2.14–4.17	< 0.001
Older than 80 years	4.85	1.71–13.69	0.003
Interaction Age Group* Sex
Female and Age Group (19 to 40 years)	6.81	4.95–9.36	< 0.001
Female and Age Group (41 to 60 years)	0.91	0.63–1.30	0.617
Female and Age Group (61 to 80 years)	0.82	0.51–1.30	0.411
Female and Older than 80 years	0.76	0.19–3.04	0.703
Household Size
Small household (Reference)
Medium household (5 to 8 members)	0.77	0.66–0.89	< 0.001
Large household (9 & more members)	0.47	0.39–0.58	< 0.001
Hospital beds per 1000 population
More than 1 bed per 1000 (Reference)
0.5 to 1 per 1000 population	1.59	0.34–7.40	0.551
Less than 0.5 per 1000 population	1.16	0.26–5.05	0.843
Constant	0.15	0.03–0.68	0.013

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