Pines JM, Hilton JA, Weber EJ, Alkemade AJ, Al Shabanah H, Anderson PD, et al. International perspectives on emergency department crowding. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(12):1358–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morley C, Unwin M, Peterson GM, Stankovich J, Kinsman L. Emergency department crowding: a systematic review of causes, consequences and solutions. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203316.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lega F, Mengoni A. Why non-urgent patients choose emergency over primary care services? Empirical evidence and managerial implications. Health Policy. 2008;88(2–3):326–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Penson R, Coleman P, Mason S, Nicholl J. Why do patients with minor or moderate conditions that could be managed in other settings attend the emergency department? Emerg Med J. 2012;29(6):487–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uscher-Pines L, Pines J, Kellermann A, Gillen E, Mehrotra A. Emergency department visits for nonurgent conditions: systematic literature review. Am J Manag Care. 2013;19(1):47–59.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schmiedhofer M, Mockel M, Slagman A, Frick J, Ruhla S, Searle J. Patient motives behind low-acuity visits to the emergency department in Germany: a qualitative study comparing urban and rural sites. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e013323.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cowling TE, Cecil EV, Soljak MA, Lee JT, Millett C, Majeed A, et al. Access to primary care and visits to emergency departments in England: a cross-sectional, population-based study. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66699.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Durand A-C, Palazzolo S, Tanti-Hardouin N, Gerbeaux P, Sambuc R, Gentile S. Nonurgent patients in emergency departments: rational or irresponsible consumers? Perceptions of professionals and patients. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:525.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Holzinger F, Oslislo S, Möckel M, Schenk L, Pigorsch M, Heintze C. Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department - who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):848.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Holzinger F, Oslislo S, Resendiz Cantu R, Möckel M, Heintze C. Diverting less urgent utilizers of emergency medical services to primary care: is it feasible? Patient and morbidity characteristics from a cross-sectional multicenter study of self-referring respiratory emergency department consulters. BMC Res Notes. 2021;14(1):113.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brown CJ, Kennedy RE, Lo AX, Williams CP, Sawyer P. Impact of emergency department visits and hospitalization on mobility among community-dwelling older adults. Am J Med. 2016;129(10):1124.e9–e15.
Article
Google Scholar
Rosychuk RJ, Holroyd BR, Zhang X, Rowe BH, Graham MM. Sex differences in outcomes after discharge from the emergency department for atrial fibrillation/flutter. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(6):806–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quintana JM, Esteban C, Garcia-Gutierrez S, Aguirre U, Gonzalez N, Lafuente I, et al. Predictors of hospital admission two months after emergency department evaluation of COPD exacerbation. Respiration. 2014;88(4):298–306.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin MP, Burke RC, Orav EJ, Friend TH, Burke LG. Ambulatory follow-up and outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries after emergency department discharge. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(10):e2019878.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kraaijvanger N, Rijpsma D, Willink L, Lucassen P, van Leeuwen H, Edwards M. Why patients self-refer to the emergency department: a qualitative interview study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017;23(3):593–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmiedhofer M, Inhoff T, Krobisch V, Schenk L, Rose M, Holzinger F, et al. EMANet: a regional network for health services research in emergency and acute medicine. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2018;135-136:81–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oslislo S, Heintze C, Möckel M, Schenk L, Holzinger F. What role does the GP play for emergency department utilizers? A qualitative exploration of respiratory patients’ perspectives in Berlin, Germany. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):154.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Lowe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(6):613–21.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beierlein C, Kovaleva A, László Z, et al. Eine Single-Item-Skala zur Erfassung der Allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit: Die Kurzskala Lebenszufriedenheit-1 (L-1). Mannheim: Leibniz-Institute für Sozialwissenschaften (Gesis); 2014.
Rattay P, Butschalowsky H, Rommel A, Prutz F, Jordan S, Nowossadeck E, et al. Utilization of outpatient and inpatient health services in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2013;56(5–6):832–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palli SR, Xie B, Chastek B, Elliott CA, Bengtson LGS. Comparison of COPD health care utilization and associated costs across patients treated with LAMA+LABA fixed-dose therapies. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(7):810–24.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heinze G, Wallisch C, Dunkler D. Variable selection - a review and recommendations for the practicing statistician. Biom J. 2018;60(3):431–49.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stoltzfus JC. Logistic regression: a brief primer. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(10):1099–104.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith G. Step away from stepwise. J Big Data. 2018;5(1):32.
Article
Google Scholar
Hudak PL, McKeever P, Wright JG. The metaphor of patients as customers: implications for measuring satisfaction. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(2):103–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pitrou I, Lecourt AC, Bailly L, Brousse B, Dauchet L, Ladner J. Waiting time and assessment of patient satisfaction in a large reference emergency department: a prospective cohort study, France. Eur J Emerg Med. 2009;16(4):177–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soares AM, Farhangmehr M. Understanding patient satisfaction in a hospital emergency department. Int Rev Public Nonprofit Mark. 2015;12(1):1–15.
Article
Google Scholar
Nerney MP, Chin MH, Jin L, Karrison TG, Walter J, Mulliken R, et al. Factors associated with older patients’ satisfaction with care in an inner-city emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38(2):140–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwab RA. Emergency department customer satisfaction: the point of view paradox. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35(5):499–501.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Son H, Yom YH. Factors influencing satisfaction with emergency department medical service: patients’ and their companions’ perspectives. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2017;14(1):27–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abolfotouh M, Al-Assiri M, Alshahrani R, Almutairi Z, Hijazi R, Alaskar A. Predictors of patient satisfaction in an emergency care centre in central Saudi Arabia: a prospective study. Emerg Med J. 2016;34:1–7.
Google Scholar
Natesan P, Hadid D, Harb YA, Hitti E. Comparing patients and families perceptions of satisfaction and predictors of overall satisfaction in the emergency department. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221087.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goldwag R, Berg A, Yuval D, Benbassat J. Predictors of patient dissatisfaction with emergency care. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002;4(8):603–6.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singh AK, Cydulka RK, Stahmer SA, Woodruff PG, Camargo CA Jr, Investigators ftMARC. Sex differences among adults presenting to the emergency department with acute asthma. Arch Int Med. 1999;159(11):1237–43.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
van Wijk CMTG, Kolk AM. Sex differences in physical symptoms: the contribution of symptom perception theory. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45(2):231–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patel R, Biros MH, Moore J, Miner JR. Gender differences in patient-described pain, stress, and anxiety among patients undergoing treatment for painful conditions in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2014;21(12):1478–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gargano JW, Wehner S, Reeves MJ. Do presenting symptoms explain sex differences in emergency department delays among patients with acute stroke? Stroke. 2009;40(4):1114–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
D’Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH, Strait KM, Dreyer RP, Geda M, et al. Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015;131(15):1324–32.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chapman KR, Tashkin DP, Pye DJ. Gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD. Chest. 2001;119(6):1691–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Delgado A, Saletti-Cuesta L, López-Fernández LA, Gil-Garrido N, Luna del Castillo JD. Gender inequalities in COPD decision-making in primary care. Respir Med. 2016;114:91–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Keeffe C, Mason S, Jacques R, Nicholl J. Characterising non-urgent users of the emergency department (ED): a retrospective analysis of routine ED data. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192855.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gill JM, Riley AW. Nonurgent use of hospital emergency departments: urgency from the patient’s perspective. J Fam Pract. 1996;42(5):491–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morgans A, Burgess SJ. What is a health emergency? The difference in definition and understanding between patients and health professionals. Austral Health Rev. 2011;35(3):284–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Oslislo S, Kümpel L, Cantu RR, Möckel M, Heintze C, Holzinger F. Bin ich ein Notfall? Notfallempfinden und Entscheidungskompetenz in akuten Situationen: eine qualitative Erhebung bei Notaufnahmepatient*innen. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2021;165:43–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stempel DA, Roberts CS, Stanford RH. Treatment patterns in the months prior to and after asthma-related emergency department visit. Chest. 2004;126(1):75–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lowthian J, Straney LD, Brand CA, Barker AL, Smit PV, Newnham H, et al. Unplanned early return to the emergency department by older patients: the safe elderly emergency department discharge (SEED) project. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):255–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bernstein E. Repeat visits by elder emergency department patients: sentinel events. Acad Emerg Med. 1997;4(6):538–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bakal JA, McAlister FA, Liu W, Ezekowitz JA. Heart failure re-admission: measuring the ever shortening gap between repeat heart failure hospitalizations. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e106494.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schneider A, Riedlinger D, Pigorsch M, Holzinger F, Deutschbein J, Keil T, et al. Self-reported health and life satisfaction in older emergency department patients: sociodemographic, disease-related and care-specific associated factors. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1440.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Janssen B, Szende A. Population norms for the EQ-5D. In: Szende A, Janssen B, Cabases J, editors. Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014.
Google Scholar
Baggio S, Iglesias K, Hugli O, Burnand B, Ruggeri O, Wasserfallen J-B, et al. Associations between perceived discrimination and health status among frequent emergency department users. Eur J Emerg Med. 2017;24(2):136–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koivunen M, Harju S, Kauko T, Välimäki M. Alcohol risk drinking, quality of life and health state among patients treated at the sobering unit in the emergency department – one year follow-up study. Int Emerg Nurs. 2017;31:22–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faessler L, Brodbeck J, Schuetz P, Haubitz S, Mueller B, Perrig-Chiello P. Medical patients’ affective well-being after emergency department admission: the role of personal and social resources and health-related variables. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0212900.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Figura A, Kuhlmann SL, Rose M, Slagman A, Schenk L, Möckel M. Mental health conditions in older multimorbid patients presenting to the emergency department for acute cardiac symptoms: cross-sectional findings from the EMASPOT study. Acad Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14349 Online ahead of print.
Barbic S, MacEwan WG, Leon A, Chau S, Barbic D. LO60: validation of the PHQ-9 as a screen for depression in the emergency department. CJEM. 2017;19(S1):S48.
Article
Google Scholar
Currow DC, Chang S, Reddel HK, Kochovska S, Ferreira D, Kinchin I, et al. Breathlessness, anxiety, depression, and function–the BAD-F study: a cross-sectional and population prevalence study in adults. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2020;59(2):197–205.e2.
Article
Google Scholar
Whiteford HA, Harris MG, McKeon G, Baxter A, Pennell C, Barendregt JJ, et al. Estimating remission from untreated major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2012;43(8):1569–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faessler L, Kutz A, Haubitz S, Mueller B, Perrig-Chiello P, Schuetz P. Psychological distress in medical patients 30 days following an emergency department admission: results from a prospective, observational study. BMC Emerg Med. 2016;16(1):33.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Halpin D, Hyland M, Blake S, Seamark C, Pinnuck M, Ward D, et al. Understanding fear and anxiety in patients at the time of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study. JRSM Open. 2015;6(12):2054270415614543.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chatfield MD, Brayne CE, Matthews FE. A systematic literature review of attrition between waves in longitudinal studies in the elderly shows a consistent pattern of dropout between differing studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58(1):13–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fan W, Yan Z. Factors affecting response rates of the web survey: a systematic review. Comput Hum Behav. 2010;26(2):132–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Canivet C, Nilsson A, Björk J, Moghaddassi M, Östergren P-O. Assessment of selection bias due to dropouts in the follow-up of the Scania Public Health Cohort. Scand J Public Health. 2020;49(4):457–64.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eisner NL, Murray AL, Eisner M, Ribeaud D. A practical guide to the analysis of non-response and attrition in longitudinal research using a real data example. Int J Behav Dev. 2018;43(1):24–34.
Article
Google Scholar
Gustavson K, von Soest T, Karevold E, Røysamb E. Attrition and generalizability in longitudinal studies: findings from a 15-year population-based study and a Monte Carlo simulation study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):918.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tin Tin S, Woodward A, Ameratunga S. Estimating bias from loss to follow-up in a prospective cohort study of bicycle crash injuries. Inj Prev. 2014;20(5):322–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maehler DB, Martin S, Rammstedt B. Coverage of the migrant population in large-scale assessment surveys. Experiences from PIAAC in Germany. Large-Scale Assess Educ. 2017;5(1):9.
Article
Google Scholar
Hofman SE, Lucke JA, Heim N, de Gelder J, Fogteloo AJ, Heringhaus C, et al. Prediction of 90-day mortality in older patients after discharge from an emergency department: a retrospective follow-up study. BMC Emerg Med. 2016;16(1):26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Genao L, Durheim MT. Early and long-term outcomes of older adults after acute care encounters for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(12):1805–12.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Öhlén J, Jakobsson Ung E, Bergh I, Odén A, Gaston Johansson F. Utilization of health-care services at the end-of-life. Health Policy. 2007;82(3):276–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hall AG, Schumacher JR, Brumback B, Harman JS, Lutz BJ, Hendry P, et al. Health-related quality of life among older patients following an emergency department visit and emergency department-to-home coaching intervention: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Care Coord. 2017;20(4):162–70.
Google Scholar
Nicks BA, Shah MN, Adler DH, Bastani A, Baugh CW, Caterino JM, et al. Minimizing attrition for multisite emergency care research. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(4):458–66.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Osler M, Kriegbaum M, Christensen U, Lund R, Nybo Andersen AM. Loss to follow up did not bias associations between early life factors and adult depression. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(9):958–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kempen GI, van Sonderen E. Psychological attributes and changes in disability among low-functioning older persons: does attrition affect the outcomes? J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55(3):224–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolke D, Waylen A, Samara M, Steer C, Goodman R, Ford T, et al. Selective drop-out in longitudinal studies and non-biased prediction of behaviour disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2018;195(3):249–56.
Article
Google Scholar
Hunger M, Schwarzkopf L, Heier M, Peters A, Holle R. Official statistics and claims data records indicate non-response and recall bias within survey-based estimates of health care utilization in the older population. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:1.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Short ME, Goetzel RZ, Pei X, Tabrizi MJ, Ozminkowski RJ, Gibson TB, et al. How accurate are self-reports? Analysis of self-reported health care utilization and absence when compared with administrative data. J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51(7):786–96.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brusco NK, Watts JJ. Empirical evidence of recall bias for primary health care visits. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15(1):381.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Trout A, Magnusson AR, Hedges JR. Patient satisfaction investigations and the emergency department: what does the literature say? Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7(6):695–709.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Voutilainen A, Pitkäaho T, Kvist T, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K. How to ask about patient satisfaction? The visual analogue scale is less vulnerable to confounding factors and ceiling effect than a symmetric Likert scale. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(4):946–57.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kristensson J, Ekwall A. Psychometric properties of the consumer emergency care satisfaction scale. J Nurs Care Qual. 2008;23:277–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vaillancourt S, Cullen JD, Dainty KN, Inrig T, Laupacis A, Linton D, et al. PROM-ED: development and testing of a patient-reported outcome measure for emergency department patients who are discharged home. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76(2):219–29.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vaillancourt S, Seaton MB, Schull MJ, Cheng AHY, Beaton DE, Laupacis A, et al. Patients’ perspectives on outcomes of care after discharge from the emergency department: a qualitative study. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(5):648–58.e2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Westreich D, Greenland S. The table 2 fallacy: presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(4):292–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar