Table 2 Study design/source type, objectives, key conclusions of reviewed sources
Author Year Country | Study Design/Source Type Objective | Key Conclusions |
|---|---|---|
Abidi 2017 Canada | Perspective/Commentary Consider causes behind the divide between child and adult mental health systems, and outline initiatives attempting to bridge the gaps in service provision for TAY. | Need commitment from all stakeholders; adolescent brain education; transparent early preparation approach; continuous evaluation; elimination of policy-practice gap; and cease determining readiness by age |
Appleton 2011 UK | Guide Facilitate development of mental health services for youth. | N/A |
Arcelus 2008 UK | Retrospective Compare TAY with eating disorders new to treatment vs. previously treated in CAMHS. | Identified relationship between inpatient admission and low self-esteem, maturational issues |
Belling 2014 UK | Qualitative Explore professional perspectives on the barriers and facilitators for CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Lack of understanding, restrictive criteria, lack of resources all negatively impact CAMHS-AMHS transition and create inequalities |
Birleson 2001 Australia | Perspective Commentary supporting the linkage of child and adolescent psychiatry, opposing separate youth mental health programs, and assessing how AMHS can support youth. | - Need to strengthen link between CAMHS and AMHS - Service improvement needed for MH care in TAY - Leaders must take responsibility for closing gaps |
Bruce 2008 UK | Literature review Discuss the gap between child and mental health services and suggest ways to bridge it. | Gap can be reduced through collaboration, clearer protocols, and greater understanding between systems |
Butterly 2015 Ireland | Perspective Commentary on a personal experience of transition from child to adult mental health services | Lived experience should be clearly communicated and may have impact on MH services |
Cappelli 2014 Canada | Quantitative Examine effectiveness of a transition program based on the shared management model. | Shared management model successfully promotes continuity of care during transitions |
Children’s Mental Health Ontario 2013 Canada | Literature Review N/A | N/A |
Cleverley 2018 Canada | Literature review Identify facilitators of CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Need to create integrated pathways and care coordination to improve transitions promote youth and family engagement |
Davidson 2011 Canada | Policy Examine literature on CAMHS-AMHS transitions, identify evidence for successful transitions, engage stakeholders, and compile knowledge for recommendations on CAMHS-AMHS care approach. | N/A |
Davis 2002 USA | Report Describe findings from a survey of experiences of youth and families when transitioning from child to adult mental health services. | Recommendations include improve transition supports, involve all stakeholders, review practices/policies, create anti-stigma campaigns, and research parents’ perspectives. |
Davis 2009 USA | Book Chapter N/A | Need for research on currently available services, examination on family involvement during transitions, and evaluation of stakeholder knowledge on TAY strengths/needs |
Dimitropoulos 2012 Canada | Qualitative Understand factors/issues/challenges that affect transitions from pediatric to adult eating disorder programs. | - Illness may contribute to disengagement from service and disruption in development; parental involvement reduced during transitions - Future research: larger qualitative study, longitudinal studies, RCTs |
Dimitropoulos 2013 Canada | Qualitative Obtain clinician perceptions on barriers/facilitators for effective transitions from pediatric to adult eating disorder program. | Transition should be based on readiness; need to develop model of shared care |
Dimitropoulos 2015 (1) Canada | Qualitative Explore experiences of youth with eating disorders who transferred from pediatric to adult care services, specifically focusing on perceptions of parental supports during transitions. | - transitions create conflict between patients and families regarding illness and issues related to emerging adulthood - youth note family can play important role - need to better prepare youth and families for transitions |
Dimitropoulos 2015 (2) Canada | Qualitative Examine youth experiences of transitions from pediatric to adult eating disorder programs. | - Need to research how experiences differ among diverse communities - Recommendations to teach life skills and build collaboration between youth and providers |
Dowdney 2014 UK | Book chapter Explore continuities and discontinuities in care in various health care systems. | N/A |
Dunn 2017 UK | Participatory Describe how a CAMHS Transition Preparation Program was produced. | Methods used were favourable among young people; transition preparation program should include from youth and providers to be engaging and relevant |
Embrett 2016 Canada | Literature review Examine literature that assesses existing services for CAMHS-AMHS transitions | Need for better planned transition with collaboration between systems; barriers disrupt flow of transition |
Evidence Exchange Network for Mental Health and Addictions 2016 Canada | Literature Review Describe evidence on mental health strategies for TAY. | TAY need integrated system that includes promotion and prevention services |
Garland 2019 USA | Case Study Provide context and clinical considerations for facilitating transition into adult mental health care. | Highlights need for transition planning and overlapping care; eating disorders best addressed with an inter-professional team |
Gilmer 2012 USA | Qualitative Assess needs/barriers for TAY in youth-specific programs. | Improvement needed in TAY service provision; highlights challenges TAY face when trying to access services |
Health Outcomes International 2017 Australia | Environmental analysis N/A | N/A |
Hovish 2012 UK | Qualitative Explore experiences of CAMHS users, parents, and professionals on CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Need to address delayed implementation of youth recommendations despite relevance |
Jivanjee 2011 USA | Qualitative Examine focus group data from a larger study on experiences of receiving mental health supports and how they facilitate community integration. | Fragmented system full of challenges; suggests peer support for TAY and parents; need for youth/family collaboration and engagement in treatment and research |
Joint Commissioning Panel for Mental Health 2013 UK | Guide Describe what modern transition services should look like. | N/A |
Koroloff 1990 USA | Policy Examine how policy can streamline transition services. | Need for system-level change; youth face fragmented, challenging, inaccessible services |
Lamb 2013 UK | Perspective Commentary on the complexities involved in improving mental health services for youth. | Need for CAMHS-AMHS collaboration; there is no single solution to improve transitions |
Lambert 2014 UK | Perspective Share findings from Peer Support Worker pilot project, which aimed to improve youth experiences through CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | PSW involvement in CAMHS successful |
Leavey 2019 UK | Retrospective Evaluate progression through services and associated outcomes, and examine how social aspects of family predict transition outcomes. | Need for engagement and seamless transition |
Lindgren 2013 Sweden | Qualitative Examine experiences of professionals on CAP-GenP transitions. | Need for transition planning, provision of information, and cooperation between CAP-GenP |
Lindgren 2014 Sweden | Qualitative Explore experiences of young adults and relatives on CAP-GenP transitions. | Need for person-centred planning, consideration of developmental needs; flexibility in transition timing; CAP-GenP joint working |
Loos 2018 (1) Germany | Qualitative Examine experiences of TAY service utilization. | Need for staff training on establishing meaningful relationships with TAY; need for interventions to help cope with stigmatizing experiences |
Loos 2018 (2) Germany | Qualitative Examine experiences of professionals in CAMHS and AMHS through group discussions. | Need for patient-centred care; need for stable relationships to promote youth engagement; highlights lack of flexibility that contributes to sub-optimal transitions |
Mandarino 2014 USA | Literature review Examine barriers faced by TAY when accessing supports external to the child mental health system. | Need for TAY voice in research; policy leaders must be made aware of issues so services can be improved upon |
Manuel 2018 USA | Qualitative Explore MH service provider perspectives on the strategies needed to address TAY needs | Need to acknowledge unique TAY needs to improve transition |
McDougall 2014 UK | Book Chapter N/A | Need to involve both systems to improve transition outcomes |
McGorry 2007 Australia | Perspective N/A | Need for state-level, evidence-informed model development |
McGrandles 2012 Scotland | Literature review Identify key issues in CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Nurses could play important role during transitions; need for provider-patient collaboration for successful transition and consideration of developmental needs |
McLaren 2013 UK | Qualitative Explore professional perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to transitions from CAMHS to AMHS. | Cultural divide present between CAMHS and AMHS; need for collaboration, improvement in information transfer |
McNamara 2014 Ireland | Qualitative Report findings of a nationwide survey of policies and procedures pertaining to CAMHS-AMHS transitions | Need to prioritize continuity of care for those ineligible for transition, training and collaboration regarding transition |
Mental Health Commission of Canada 2017 Canada | Report Inform stakeholders on how to prioritize TAY in mental health funding. | N/A |
Mulvale 2015 Canada | Literature review Examine differences in care philosophies between CAMHS and AMHS and how these affect transitions. | AMHS/CAMHS providers need to better understand each other’s care philosophies |
Muñoz-Solomando 2010 UK | Literature Review Examine literature on causes for varying quality of adolescent transition services. | Suggested alternate definition of transition; Need for clarity in the field of transition research; Identified principles for effective transition |
Paul 2014 UK | Literature review Examine literature on CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Not enough good quality research on transitional care; Need for research on effectiveness of different models of care for transitions |
Plaistow 2014 UK | Literature Review Examine literature on views of young people with regard to barrier and facilitators to engagement in mental health services. | Need to engage young people in service redesign activities |
Rayar 2015 Canada | Perspective N/A | Importance of transitions must be addressed |
Richards 2004 UK | Qualitative Develop themes of youth mental health services needs based on professional perspectives. | Need for inter-professional forum and protocols, including providers from both child and adult services; need for consistent age thresholds across agencies |
Riosa 2015 Canada | Mixed Methods Examine mental health needs of late adolescents. | Youth report moderate self-efficacy, concerns about transition, desire for active participation, and need for trusting relationships |
Sainsbury 2011 UK | Report Explore innovative strategies related to CAMHS-AMHS transitions and experiences of youth with mental health problems. | N/A |
Salaheddin 2016 UK | Quantitative Examine barriers to accessing mental health support for youth. | Need for improved youth MH literacy, therapeutic relationships to foster help-seeking, stigma reduction, and GP insight into youth MH care |
Schandrin 2016 France | Retrospective Analyze quality of transitions from CAMHS to AMHS in a hospital. | CAMHS-AMHS transitions are sub-optimal |
Scholz 2019 Australia | Literature review Compile understandings of transition from adolescent to adult mental health services | Need for reformation of transitions for youth MH care |
Signorini 2018 Europe - multinational | Quantitative Describe transition policies and highlight gaps in care. | Need to resolve discontinuity of care at transition interface, possibly through common training, shared management, joint review, standardized needs assessment, and active participation in care |
Singh 2005 UK | Perspective Commentary on existing barriers to transition and strategies to bridge the divide between child and adult services. | Need for approach that is both ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ to improve transition interface |
Singh 2010 UK | Mixed methods Present findings from stages 2 and 4 of TRACK study. | Need for evidence-based models of care |
Singh 2015 UK | Perspective Commentary on transitions from child to adult mental health services. | Need for urgent service reformation to meet unique needs of young people |
Skehan 2017 USA | Literature Review Explore barriers and facilitators in treatment and strategies for TAY. | Need for coordination and continuity of care, family participation, and youth-centred training for providers |
Stagi 2015 Italy | Quantitative Evaluate factors related to continuity of care from CAMHS to AMHS. | Need for research on evidence-based treatments and practice for effective transitions |
TAYMHA Advisory Committee 2015 Canada | Report N/A | N/A |
Ubido 2015 UK | Literature review Present evidence of gaps between child and adult mental health services. | N/A |
van der Kamp 2018 UK | Qualitative Describe barriers and facilitators for successful transitions from CAMHS to AMHS. | Need for improvement of transitions |
Vloet 2011 Canada | Qualitative Identify evidence for effective transitions and highlight stakeholder perspectives on CAMHS-AMHS transitions. | Need for shared management framework to facilitate effective transitions |
Whitney 2012 USA | Perspective Personal experiences of youth with mental health conditions. | Need for services that cater to youth needs and incorporate youth voice |
Winston 2012 UK | Perspective Examine differences between CAMHS and AMHS in treating anorexia nervosa. | Need for greater awareness about transition issues and liaisons between services |