Table 3 Meta-analysis of primary and secondary outcomes of group-based diabetes self-management education programme with comparison for intervention (Int) and control (contr) groups and the heterogeneity (measured by I 2 ) of the analyses
Analysis number / Outcome | Effect measure | N studies | N participants (Int/contr) | Difference (95%CI) | P-valueA | Hetero-geneity (I2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.1 Glycated haemoglobin (6 months) | Mean Diff | 13 | 977/850 | -0.44 (-0.69 to -0.19) | 0.001 | 55.8 |
3.2 Glycated haemoglobin (12 months) | Mean Diff | 11 | 750/753 | -0.46 (-0.74 to -0.18) | 0.001 | 64.6 |
3.3 Glycated haemoglobin (2 years) | Mean Diff | 3 | 199/198 | -0.87 (-1.25 to -0.49) | 0.000 | 0.0 |
3.4 Fasting blood glucose (6 months) | Mean Diff | 3 | 206/195 | -0.73 (-2.22 to 0.76) | 0.336 | 68.1 |
3.5 Fasting blood glucose (12 months) | Mean Diff | 5 | 344/346 | -1.26 (-1.69 to -0.83) | 0.000 | 0.0 |
3.6 Diabetes knowledge (6 months) | Std Mean Diff | 6 | 390/378 | 0.69 (0.43 to 0.96) | 0.000 | 63.5 |
3.7 Diabetes knowledge (12 months) | Std Mean Diff | 5 | 477/478 | 0.85 (0.48 to 1.22) | 0.000 | 85.5 |
3.8 Self management skills (6 months) | Std Mean Diff | 4 | 295/239 | 0.55 (0.11 to 0.99) | 0.015 | 79.1 |
3.9 Quality of life (6 months) | Std Mean Diff | 3 | 242/231 | 0.31 (-0.15 to 0.78) | 0.186 | 77.1 |
3.10 Self efficacy/Empowerment (6 months) | Std Mean Diff | 2 | 167/159 | 0.28 (0.06 to 0.50) | 0.012 | 0.0 |
3.11 Weight (6 months) | Mean Diff | 3 | 216/217 | -2.08 (-5.55 to 1.39) | 0.239 | 48.2 |
3.12 Body Mass Index (6 months) | Mean Diff | 7 | 633/526 | -0.21 (-0.86 to 0.43) | 0.514 | 0.0 |
3.13 Weight (12 months) | Mean Diff | 4 | 247/245 | -1.66 (-3.07 to -0.25) | 0.021 | 0.0 |
3.14 Body Mass Index (12 months) | Mean Diff | 7 | 538/554 | -0.22 (-1.13 to 0.69) | 0.634 | 62.2 |
3.15 Systolic blood pressure (6 months) | Mean Diff | 5 | 454/360 | -0.34 (-5.19 to 4.51) | 0.891 | 67.9 |
3.16 Diastolic blood pressure (6 months) | Mean Diff | 5 | 454/360 | -0.46 (-2.31 to 1.39) | 0.627 | 26.6 |
3.17 Systolic blood pressure (12 months) | Mean Diff | 2 | 168/159 | -2.61 (-6.74 to 1.52) | 0.216 | 0.0 |
3.18 Total cholesterol (6 months) | Mean Diff | 7 | 632/529 | -0.04 (-0.17 to 0.10) | 0.605 | 0.0 |
3.19 Triglycerides (6 months) | Mean Diff | 7 | 632/529 | -0.16 (-0.35 to 0.03) | 0.104 | 0.0 |
3.20 Total cholesterol (12 months) | Mean Diff | 4 | 324/332 | 0.07 (-0.09 to 0.24) | 0.377 | 0.0 |
3.21 Triglycerides (12 months) | Mean Diff | 4 | 325/332 | 0.03 (-0.42 to 0.48) | 0.883 | 79.7 |
3.22 High density lipoprotein (6 months) | Mean Diff | 6 | 515/417 | 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.08) | 0.623 | 0.0 |
3.23 Low density lipoprotein (6 months) | Mean Diff | 6 | 515/417 | -0.05 (-0.20 to 0.10) | 0.528 | 0.0 |
3.24 Treatment satisfaction (6 months) | Std Mean Diff | 2 | 205/185 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.85) | 0.000 | 0.0 |
3.25 Treatment satisfaction (12 months) | Std Mean Diff | 3 | 247/237 | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.57) | 0.000 | 0.0 |
3.26 Death | Odds Ratio | 4 | 351/349 | 1.10 (0.37 to 3.29) | 0.867 | 3.2 |