Table 4 DKD screening services related factors

Gender

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.10(0.93 ~ 1.30)

0.28

1.16(1.02 ~ 1.32)

0.03

0.97(0.83 ~ 1.14)

0.73

1.07(0.90 ~ 1.28)

0.44

Age

 18–44 yrs

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 45-59yrs

1.73(1.22 ~ 2.46)

< 0.01

0.78(0.58 ~ 1.04)

0.09

1.14(0.80 ~ 1.63)

0.46

0.65(0.45 ~ 0.94)

0.02

 60 and above

1.94(1.36 ~ 2.76)

< 0.01

0.76(0.57 ~ 1.02)

0.06

1.23(0.86 ~ 1.76)

0.25

0.81(0.56 ~ 1.17)

0.26

Residential

 Urban areas

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Rural areas

2.36(1.96 ~ 2.83)

< 0.01

1.12(0.98 ~ 1.27)

0.11

1.02(0.87 ~ 1.20)

0.79

1.16(0.97 ~ 1.40)

0.11

Location

 Northern

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Southern

1.19(1.00 ~ 1.42)

0.05

0.86(0.76 ~ 0.98)

0.02

0.30(0.25 ~ 0.35)

< 0.01

0.60(0.50 ~ 0.73)

< 0.01

Education level

 College and above

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Under primary school

1.32(0.91 ~ 1.91)

0.15

0.29(0.22 ~ 0.38)

< 0.01

0.38(0.28 ~ 0.53)

< 0.01

0.19(0.13 ~ 0.29)

< 0.01

 Primary school

0.99(0.71 ~ 1.39)

0.96

0.30(0.23 ~ 0.39)

< 0.01

0.48(0.36 ~ 0.65)

< 0.01

0.35(0.25 ~ 0.49)

< 0.01

 Junior high school

1.24(0.91 ~ 1.71)

0.18

0.49(0.39 ~ 0.62)

< 0.01

0.60(0.45 ~ 0.78)

< 0.01

0.54(0.40 ~ 0.72)

< 0.01

 Senior high school

1.30(0.94 ~ 1.81)

0.12

0.59(0.46 ~ 0.75)

< 0.01

0.63(0.47 ~ 0.82)

< 0.01

0.54(0.40 ~ 0.73)

< 0.01

Comorbidity

 Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 No

0.41(0.34 ~ 0.49)

< 0.01

0.85(0.75 ~ 0.96)

0.01

1.00(0.86 ~ 1.17)

0.97

0.92(0.77 ~ 1.10)

0.38

Duration of T2DM

 10 years and above

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 under five years

1.00(0.81 ~ 1.24)

0.98

0.81(0.69 ~ 0.94)

< 0.01

1.05(0.86 ~ 1.26)

0.65

0.97(0.78 ~ 1.20)

0.75

 5–9 years

1.04(0.84 ~ 1.29)

0.71

0.67(0.57 ~ 0.78)

< 0.01

1.00(0.82 ~ 1.20)

0.96

0.81(0.65 ~ 1.00)

0.05