Table 2 Electronic patient-reported outcome and dose measures administered to assess the TelePain-Empower Veterans Program (EVP)

Pain

 Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised [44]

Pain Intensity

Pain intensity, interference with life enjoyment and general activity in the past week, and occupational functioning.

6

0 – never, 3 – everyday;

0 – 10^a;

0 – no, 1 – yes

 PROMIS – Pain Interference Scale [45]

Pain Interference

The impact of pain on daily functioning.

4

1 – not at all, 5 – very much

 Pain Catastrophizing Scale – 3-item [46]

Pain Catastrophizing

Maladaptive and exaggerated beliefs “toward actual or anticipated” pain experiences” (p. 602) [47].

3

0 – not at all,

4 – all the time

 Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia – 4-item [48]

Kinesiophobia

Fear of movement secondary to pain.

Physical

 PROMIS 4a – Physical Functioning [45]

Physical Functioning

Perceived physical capability to engage in daily activities (e.g., self-care, endurance).

4

1 – unable to do,

5 – without any difficulty^*

 PROMIS 4a – Sleep [45]

Sleep Disturbance

Difficulty falling and staying asleep.

4

1 – not at all,

5 – very much

Psychological

 Patient Health Questionnaire-4 – Anxiety subscale [45]

Anxiety

Anxiety symptom severity over the previous 2 weeks.

2

0 – not at all,

3 – nearly every day

 Patient Health Questionnaire-3 – Depression Subscale [49]

Depression

Depression symptom severity over the previous 2 weeks.

9

0 – not at all,

3 – nearly every day

Social Isolation

 PROMIS 4a – Social Isolation [50]

Social Isolation

Perceived avoidance, exclusion, disconnectedness, or detachment from others.

4

1 – always,

5 – never

Acceptance

 Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 [51]

Activity Engagement

Engagement in life activities despite experiencing pain.

8

0 – never true,

6 – always true

Pain Willingness

Willingness to experiences pain without attempts to control it.

Motivation

 Readiness Ruler [52]

Motivation

Readiness to effectively manage chronic pain.

0 – not at all,

Self-Efficacy

Confidence to manage chronic pain.

10 – extremely

Program Satisfaction

 National Veterans Health Administration – Satisfaction Survey Item [53]

EVP Satisfaction

Overall satisfaction with EVP for pain care.

1

1 – poor,

5 – excellent

Covariates

 Pain Outcomes Questionnaire-Veterans Affairs [54]

Demographics

Age

14

Continuous

Gender

Nominal

Race

White v. Non-White

Service-Connected Disability

Yes, No

Marital

Nominal

Employment

Nominal

Education

Nominal

Rurality

Rural, Urban

Pain Location(s)

Continuous

Primary Location

Nominal

Claims In Progress

Yes, No

Service Branch

Nominal

Service Grade

Nominal

Combat Exposure

Yes, No