Characteristic | ORa | 95% CIa | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age categories | |||
 35-44 years | — | — |  |
 45-54 years | 1.52 | 0.87, 2.65 | 0.14 |
 55-64 years | 1.72 | 0.85, 3.51 | 0.13 |
 +65 years | 1.17 | 0.50, 2.71 | 0.7 |
Marital status | |||
 Currently married | — | — |  |
 Currently married | — | — |  |
 Separated/ Divorced | 1.75 | 0.69, 4.46 | 0.2 |
 Widowed | 2.38 | 1.31, 4.33 | 0.005 |
Education level | |||
 No formal education | — | — |  |
 Less than secondary | 1.74 | 0.90, 3.37 | 0.10 |
 Secondary | 2.24 | 1.05, 4.77 | 0.036 |
 More than secondary | 2.72 | 1.17, 6.31 | 0.020 |
Employment | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 1.57 | 0.87, 2.82 | 0.13 |
Nationality | |||
 Saudi | — | — |  |
 Non-Saudi | 2.36 | 0.93, 6.03 | 0.072 |
Household Wealth index b | |||
 Lowest quintile | — | — |  |
 Second quintile | 1.22 | 0.53, 2.78 | 0.6 |
 Middle quintile | 0.76 | 0.29, 2.01 | 0.6 |
 Fourth quintile | 1.12 | 0.47, 2.70 | 0.8 |
 Highest quintile | 2.23 | 0.91, 5.50 | 0.081 |
Household Income categories | |||
 Low income | — | — |  |
 Lower-middle income | 0.38 | 0.14, 1.02 | 0.054 |
 Middle income | 0.71 | 0.27, 1.83 | 0.5 |
 Upper-middle income | 1.24 | 0.65, 2.37 | 0.5 |
 High income | 1.81 | 0.95, 3.44 | 0.069 |
Region | |||
 Central | — | — |  |
 Eastern | 0.95 | 0.48, 1.89 | 0.9 |
 Western | 0.52 | 0.28, 0.99 | 0.047 |
 Southern | 0.09 | 0.03, 0.30 | <0.001 |
 Northern | 0.17 | 0.08, 0.39 | <0.001 |
Type of place of residence | |||
 Urban | — | — |  |
 Rural | 2.41 | 1.36, 4.27 | 0.003 |
Eligibility for free government services | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 0.33 | 0.09, 1.22 | 0.10 |
Health insurance coverage | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 1.31 | 0.75, 2.29 | 0.3 |
Subjective health care need | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 0.40 | 0.26, 0.63 | <0.001 |