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Table 5 Factors associated with ever having had a mammogram among women above 40 years

From: Equity and unmet need of non-communicable diseases services in Saudi Arabia using a National Household Survey (2019)

Characteristic

ORa

95% CIa

p-value

Age categories

 35-44 years

—

—

 

 45-54 years

1.52

0.87, 2.65

0.14

 55-64 years

1.72

0.85, 3.51

0.13

 +65 years

1.17

0.50, 2.71

0.7

Marital status

 Currently married

—

—

 

 Currently married

—

—

 

 Separated/ Divorced

1.75

0.69, 4.46

0.2

 Widowed

2.38

1.31, 4.33

0.005

Education level

 No formal education

—

—

 

 Less than secondary

1.74

0.90, 3.37

0.10

 Secondary

2.24

1.05, 4.77

0.036

 More than secondary

2.72

1.17, 6.31

0.020

Employment

 Yes

—

—

 

 No

1.57

0.87, 2.82

0.13

Nationality

 Saudi

—

—

 

 Non-Saudi

2.36

0.93, 6.03

0.072

Household Wealth index b

 Lowest quintile

—

—

 

 Second quintile

1.22

0.53, 2.78

0.6

 Middle quintile

0.76

0.29, 2.01

0.6

 Fourth quintile

1.12

0.47, 2.70

0.8

 Highest quintile

2.23

0.91, 5.50

0.081

Household Income categories

 Low income

—

—

 

 Lower-middle income

0.38

0.14, 1.02

0.054

 Middle income

0.71

0.27, 1.83

0.5

 Upper-middle income

1.24

0.65, 2.37

0.5

 High income

1.81

0.95, 3.44

0.069

Region

 Central

—

—

 

 Eastern

0.95

0.48, 1.89

0.9

 Western

0.52

0.28, 0.99

0.047

 Southern

0.09

0.03, 0.30

<0.001

 Northern

0.17

0.08, 0.39

<0.001

Type of place of residence

 Urban

—

—

 

 Rural

2.41

1.36, 4.27

0.003

Eligibility for free government services

 Yes

—

—

 

 No

0.33

0.09, 1.22

0.10

Health insurance coverage

 Yes

—

—

 

 No

1.31

0.75, 2.29

0.3

Subjective health care need

 Yes

—

—

 

 No

0.40

0.26, 0.63

<0.001

  1. aOR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  2. bComposite measure calculated using data about ownership of consumer material such television and cars, household characteristics such as building material, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and other characteristics relevant to wealth status