Characteristic | ORa | 95% CIa | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age categories | |||
 18-24 years | — | — |  |
 25-34 years | 0.68 | 0.39, 1.16 | 0.2 |
 35-44 years | 0.52 | 0.29, 0.93 | 0.028 |
 45-54 years | 1.24 | 0.66, 2.34 | 0.5 |
 55-64 years | 0.34 | 0.13, 0.90 | 0.029 |
 +65 years | 0.11 | 0.03, 0.42 | 0.001 |
Marital status | |||
 Currently married | — | — |  |
 Currently married | — | — |  |
 Separated/ Divorced | 1.08 | 0.65, 1.79 | 0.8 |
 Widowed | 3.11 | 1.59, 6.06 | <0.001 |
Education level | |||
 No formal education | — | — |  |
 Less than secondary | 2.30 | 0.71, 7.45 | 0.2 |
 Secondary | 4.25 | 1.20, 15.0 | 0.025 |
 More than secondary | 5.07 | 1.42, 18.1 | 0.012 |
Employment | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 1.03 | 0.71, 1.49 | 0.9 |
Nationality | |||
 Saudi | — | — |  |
 Non-Saudi | 1.25 | 0.67, 2.31 | 0.5 |
Household Wealth index b | |||
 Lowest quintile | — | — |  |
 Second quintile | 1.60 | 0.96, 2.65 | 0.071 |
 Middle quintile | 1.13 | 0.66, 1.95 | 0.7 |
 Fourth quintile | 1.50 | 0.88, 2.56 | 0.14 |
 Highest quintile | 1.92 | 1.08, 3.40 | 0.026 |
Household Income categories | |||
 Low income | — | — |  |
 Lower-middle income | 1.09 | 0.62, 1.91 | 0.8 |
 Middle income | 1.99 | 1.09, 3.64 | 0.026 |
 Upper-middle income | 3.47 | 2.05, 5.87 | <0.001 |
 High income | 2.59 | 1.46, 4.57 | 0.001 |
Region | |||
 Central | — | — |  |
 Eastern | 0.60 | 0.35, 1.03 | 0.065 |
 Western | 0.83 | 0.50, 1.36 | 0.5 |
 Southern | 0.24 | 0.13, 0.43 | <0.001 |
 Northern | 0.70 | 0.37, 1.33 | 0.3 |
Type of place of residence | |||
 Urban | — | — |  |
 Rural | 2.07 | 1.33, 3.22 | 0.001 |
Eligibility for free government services | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 1.79 | 0.85, 3.76 | 0.13 |
Health insurance coverage | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 0.97 | 0.61, 1.54 | 0.9 |
Subjective health care need | |||
 Yes | — | — |  |
 No | 0.55 | 0.39, 0.79 | 0.001 |