Table 5 Success and limiting factors of leagile application in healthcare

Macro

Policy

• Policy ensurement for adequate funding and political commitment [43]

• Imperfect financial regimes [32];

Micro

Organization

• Leadership support/Top-down decision [21, 26, 27];

• Centrally designed financial regimes [32];

• Clearly defined organizational strategy [40];

• Well-established control machanism and monitoring results [40, 47];

• Culture construction at all levels [27];

• Transparent and transient inter-organizational links at all levels [29];

• Coordination among stakeholders [31];

• Strategy and alignment [27];

• Understanding of need for better planning and control [21, 28];

• Assessments of ‘compatibility’ of leagility within clinical context [36];

• Well established control machanism for controling the patient flow and resources [40];

• Management commitment and empowerment [27];

• Innovation ability/skill to satisfy consumer demand [47]

• Lack of system-wide strategy and things stay only at a tools-and-techniques level thus actions are taken to solve local problems only [7, 27, 28];

• Long-term issues not taken into consideration [26]

Human Resources

• Skillful and experienced professionals [32, 33, 47];

• Staff training and education [7, 27, 33, 34, 45];

• Employees’ engagement [27, 29];

• Agile teams [46]

• Lack of skillful and experienced professionals [32, 33]

Marketing

• Market sensitivity and customer focus [29]

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Operation management

• Flexible resource capacity [29];

• Possibility to quickly reconfigure production plan and processes [47];

• Product design by consumer demand [47];

• Short life cycles for timely delivery [29, 47];

• Sufficient use of shared resources [22, 40]

• Speed in improving consumer service and delivery reliability [47];

• Cold chain technology [31];

• Standardization [7, 27, 34, 45];

• Modularization and division of processes [7, 33, 34, 42, 44, 45, 47];

• Well defined decoupling points [40];

• Design for manufacturing [47]

• Difficulty to control outsourced processes and performance monitoring problem as a risk management issue [26]

Technology

• Information technology [46, 47]

• Risks concerning end-users, vendors, systems and infrastructure [35]