Table 3 Methodology adopted among leagile healthcare research

1. Quantitative

2

 1) Mono-method quantitative

1

Saghafian et al. (2012) [22]

 2) Multi-method quantitative

1

Pérez et al. (2015) [21]

2. Qualitative

19

 1) Mono-method qualitative

11

Al Fannah et al. (2022); Aronsson et al. (2011); Dixit et al. (2019); Guimarães & de Carvalho (2013); Kuupiel et al. (2017); Rahimnia & Moghadasian (2010); Sara et al. (2015); Toussaint et al. (2004); Towill & Christopher (2005); Vries et al. (1999); Wikner et al. (2017) [1, 7, 27, 29, 33, 34, 40,41,42,43, 46]

 2) Multi-method qualitative

7

Guimarães & de Carvalho (2012); Guven et al. (2014); Mishra et al. (2019); Nabelsi & Gagnon (2017); Ni et al. (2020); Olsson & Aronsson (2015); Pohjosenperä et al. (2019) [20, 26, 28, 32, 35, 36, 44]

3. Mixed method

4

 1) Mixed method simple

1

Claudio et al. (2021) [45]

 2) Mixed method complex

3

Sen et al. (2021); Yadav & Kumar (2022); Saraji et al. (2023) [30, 31, 47]