Table 3 Results of the regression analyses with employee-perceived coordination (employees n = 1450; agencies n = 71)
Coordination regressed only with coordination process variables | Coordination regressed with coordination process & agency characteristic variables | Coordination regressed with coordination process agency characteristic & external factors variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\( \beta \) [95% CI] | \( \beta \) [95% CI] | \( \beta \) [95% CI] | ||||
Coordination Process | ||||||
Explicit coordination mechanism (Programming & Communication) | ||||||
Presence of standards / guidelines | 0.00 [-0.03; 0.03] | 0.01 [-0.03; 0.04] | 0.01 [-0.02; 0.04] | |||
Case responsible/managers | -0.03 [-0.09; 0.02] | -0.01 [-0.07; 0.05] | 0.00 [-0.06; 0.05] | |||
Exchange vessels | -0.03 [-0.09; 0.02] | -0.03 [-0.08; 0.02] | -0.03 [-0.09; 0.02] | |||
Electronic data sharing with physicians: yes | 0.04 [-0.04; 0.12] | 0.03 [-0.06; 0.11] | 0.03 [-0.06; 0.10] | |||
Communication and information exchange | 0.11* [0.07; 0.14] | 0.10* [0.06; 0.13] | 0.10* [0.06; 0.13] | |||
Implicit coordination mechanism (Cognition) | ||||||
Knowledge of the health system | -0.09* [-0.12; -0.05] | -0.07* [-0.10; -0.03] | -0.07* [-0.10; -0.03] | |||
Possibility for continuous education | -0.03 [-0.07; 0.01] | -0.02 [-0.05; 0.02] | -0.01 [-0.05; 0.03] | |||
Role clarity | 0.10* [0.06; 0.14] | 0.08* [0.03; 0.11] | 0.07* [0.03; 0.11] | |||
Mutual respect and trust | 0.08* [0.04; 0.12] | 0.07* [0.03; 0.11] | 0.07* [0.03; 0.11] | |||
Accountability, predictability, common perspective | 0.21* [0.17; 0.26] | 0.19* [0.15; 0.24] | 0.19* [0.14; 0.24] | |||
Agency characteristics | ||||||
Obligation to serve all clients (yes) | -0.14* [-0.26; -0.02] | -0.14 [-0.31; -0.02] | ||||
Range of service | ||||||
Palliative Care (yes) | -0.02 [-0.15; 0.05] | -0.02 [-0.11; 0.09] | ||||
Oncological care (yes) | -0.01 [-0.09; 0.08] | 0.00 [-0.07; 0.09] | ||||
Psychiatric care (yes) | 0.03 [-0.10; 0.16] | 0.04 [-0.09; 0.16] | ||||
24-hour care service (yes) | 0.04 [-0.07; 0.15] | 0.04 [-0.09; 0.13] | ||||
Continuous night care (yes) | -0.09 [-0.21; 0.03] | -0.05 [-0.16; 0.05] | ||||
Percentage of RNs | 0.00 [0.01; 0.00] | 0.00 [-0.01; 0.00] | ||||
Employment percentage | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | ||||
Experience in agency | 0.00 [-0.01; 0.00] | 0.00 [-0.00; 0.00] | ||||
Perceived staffing | 0.05* [0.01; 0.10] | 0.06* [0.01; 0.10] | ||||
Perceived workload | -0.01* [-0.03; 0.00] | -0.02* [-0.03; -0.01] | ||||
Overtime | -0.05* [-0.08; -0.03] | -0.05* [-0.07; -0.02] | ||||
External factors | ||||||
Reimbursement regulations of residual payments (reference: effective full costs) | ||||||
agency-specific and predefined costs | 0.10 [-0.01; 0.18] | |||||
standard costs | -0.04 [-0.17; 0.07] | |||||
others | -0.00 [-0.22; 0.23] | |||||
Client co-payment (reference: No co-payment) | ||||||
maximum of CHF 7.65 a day | -0.06 [-0.18; 0.03] | |||||
up to 20% of HI, with max CHF 15.35/d | -0.08 [-0.20; 0.03] | |||||
direct with max. of CHF 15.35/d | -0.05 [-0.17; 0.09] | |||||
Average hours of care per client | 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] | |||||
Second level variable | ||||||
Homecare agencies | ||||||
Agency level (Variance [SD]) | 0.01 [0.11] | 0.01 [0.11] | 0.01 [0.10] | |||
Residuals (Variance [SD]) | 0.24 [0.48] | 0.22 [0.47] | 0.23 [0.48] | |||
Effect size | ||||||
AIC | 2143.98 | 2183.22 | 2222.33 | |||
Marginal R2 | 0.328 | 0.363 | 0.367 | |||
Conditional R2 | 0.359 | 0.395 | 0.395 | |||