Table 4 Coefficient/effect estimates in units of the outcome (dollars, probability) from models predicting diabetes-related healthcare costs (quantile regression) and whether a patient had any outpatient hospital observations (logistic regression) during the study period

Intercept

$216.46

$177.75, $255.18

9.20

< 0.001

$4,493.82

$3832.01, $5155.63

11.17

< 0.001

-

-

-

-

Age (Centered)

-$3.36

$-5.00, $-1.71

-3.35

< 0.001

-$43.64

$-70.18, $-17.10

-2.70

0.01

0.000

−0.001, 0.00

−0.82

0.41

Sex (Male)

$12.47

$-15.03, $39.98

0.75

0.46

$24.89

$-469.40, $519.19

0.08

0.93

−0.010

−0.025, 0.004

−1.41

0.16

CCI Score

$19.62

$11.06, $28.17

3.77

< 0.001

$253.09

$117.12, $389.06

3.06

0.002

0.010

0.007, 0.013

5.89

< 0.001

Type 1 DM Diagnosis (Yes)

$723.58

$456.25, $990.90

4.45

< 0.001

$2,484.07

$1794.67, $3173.47

5.93

< 0.001

0.017

−0.008, 0.041

1.33

0.18

Taking Insulin (Yes)

$4,601.52

$4237.37, $4965.67

20.78

< 0.001

$9,791.59

$9012.58, $10570.59

20.67

< 0.001

0.045

0.024, 0.065

4.25

< 0.001

Total of Other Medical Costs

-$0.10

$-0.21, $0.02

-1.34

0.18

-$0.67

$-1.02, $-0.31

-3.11

0.002

0.000

0.00, 0.00

2.78

0.005

Insurance Type (Other)

-$29.98

$-70.72, $10.77

-1.21

0.23

-$4,311.87

$-5022.61, $-3601.13

-9.98

< 0.001

0.002

−0.038, 0.042

0.10

0.92

Insurance Type (Senior)

$21.13

$-20.68, $62.94

0.83

0.41

-$2,727.80

$-3503.86, $-1951.74

-5.78

< 0.001

−0.014

−0.035, 0.007

−1.31

0.19

PCP Age (Centered)

$0.86

$-0.46, $2.19

1.07

0.28

$15.33

$-10.25, $40.90

0.99

0.32

0.000

−0.001, 0.00

−0.81

0.42

PCP Sex (Male)

-$23.93

$-53.34, $5.48

-1.34

0.18

$240.40

$-315.41, $796.21

0.71

0.48

−0.007

−0.024, 0.01

−0.82

0.41

Performer Status (Low)

$21.24

$-13.65, $56.12

1.00

0.32

$847.43

$287.44, $1407.43

2.49

0.01

0.017

0.000, 0.034

2.02

0.04