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Table 3 Descriptive statistics and results of unadjusted comparisons of patients’ diabetes-related care costs and several types of hospital utilization across performance status groups

From: Treatment approaches and costs associated with diabetes clinical metrics as measured by Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)

Characteristic

Overall

N = 3,2211

Performance Status

p value2

Effect size3

High

n = 1,8251

Low

n = 1,3961

Diabetes-Related Costs

891 (296, 6,071)

722 (278, 5,831)

1,274 (319, 6,399)

0.002

-0.07

Inpatient Admission

   

0.600

0.01

 None

3,154 (98%)

1,785 (98%)

1,369 (98%)

  

 One or more

67 (2.1%)

40 (2.2%)

27 (1.9%)

  

Hospital Observation

   

0.018

0.04

 None

3,069 (95%)

1,753 (96%)

1,316 (94%)

  

 One or more

152 (4.7%)

72 (3.9%)

80 (5.7%)

  

Emergency Department Use

   

0.500

0.01

 None

3,030 (94%)

1,721 (94%)

1,309 (94%)

  

 One or more

191 (5.9%)

104 (5.7%)

87 (6.2%)

  
  1. 1 Median (IQR); n (%)
  2. 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test
  3. 3  Cohen’s d; Cramer’s V