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Table 2 Descriptive statistics and comparisons of patient and practitioner characteristics of those receiving or providing care at the high- and low-performing practices, both overall and as a function of performance status

From: Treatment approaches and costs associated with diabetes clinical metrics as measured by Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)

Sample/Characteristic

Overall 1

Performance Status

p value2

Effect size3

High1

Low1

Patients

     

 Number

3,221

1,825

1,396

-

-

 Age

66 (58, 75)

65 (57, 74)

67 (59, 76)

< 0.001

-0.14

 Sex

   

0.003

0.05

  Female

1,484 (46%)

882 (48%)

602 (43%)

  

  Male

1,737 (54%)

943 (52%)

794 (57%)

  

 Plan Type

   

< 0.001

0.09

  Commercial

1,553 (48%)

941 (52%)

612 (44%)

  

  Senior

187 (5.8%)

119 (6.5%)

68 (4.9%)

  

  Other

1,481 (46%)

765 (42%)

716 (51%)

  

 CCI

2 (1, 4)

2 (1, 4)

3 (2, 4)

< 0.001

-0.18

 Taking Insulin

   

0.200

0.02

  No

2,471 (77%)

1,415 (78%)

1,056 (76%)

  

  Yes

750 (23%)

410 (22%)

340 (24%)

  

 Diabetes Diagnoses4

   

0.300

0.04

  T1

49 (1.5%)

32 (1.8%)

17 (1.2%)

  

  T2

2,923 (91%)

1,660 (91%)

1,263 (90%)

  

  T1/T2

238 (7.4%)

129 (7.1%)

109 (7.8%)

  

  Secondary

11 (0.3%)

4 (0.2%)

7 (0.5%)

  

Practitioners

     

 Number

78

51

27

-

-

 Age

47 (36, 55)

41 (34, 53)

53 (45, 65)

0.002

-0.83

 Sex

   

0.022

0.23

  Male

41 (53%)

22 (43%)

19 (70%)

  

  Female

37 (47%)

29 (57%)

8 (30%)

  

 Degree Type

   

0.300

0.09

  DO

26 (33%)

19 (37%)

7 (26%)

  

  MD

52 (67%)

32 (63%)

20 (74%)

  

 Specialty

   

0.500

0.14

  Family Practice

40 (51%)

27 (53%)

13 (48%)

  

  Internal Medicine

35 (45%)

23 (45%)

12 (44%)

  

  Other

3 (3.8%)

1 (2.0%)

2 (7.4%)

  
  1. 1 Median (IQR); n (%)
  2. 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test. Hyphen (-) indicates no statistical comparison was performed.
  3. 3 Effect sizes are Cohen’s d; Cramer’s V
  4. 4 T1 and T2 refer to Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, respectively