Unfinished nursing care in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Bayram, Aysun; Chiappinotto, Stefania; Palese, Alvisa

doi:10.1186/s12913-024-10708-7

BMC Health Services Research

Table 4 Ufinished nursing care occurrence in studies based on the basel extent of rationing of nursing care (= 1), revised basel extent of rationing of nursing care (= 2) [61] and basel extent of rationing of nursing care-nursing homes tool (= 2) [62]

From: Unfinished nursing care in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

BERNCA Interventions	BERNCA-R Interventions	Tomaszewska et al. [51]	Uchmanowicz et al. [52]^b	BERNCA-NH Interventions	Hackman et al. [40]	Zhang et al. [22]
1. Activities of daily living (ADLs)	Sponge bath			Activities of daily living (ADL)
(1a) Bathing/skin care	Partial sponge bath			Sponge bath/partial sponge bath/skin care
(1b) Perform oral or dental hygiene for patients	Skin care			Oral hygiene	•
(1c) Eating	Oral hygiene			Assist dressing/undressing
(1d) Mobilization/changing positions	Dental hygiene			Assist food intake
(1e) Managing body waste (urine, stool, vomit)	Assist food intake			Assist drinking
(1f) Changing bed linen	Mobilization			Mobilization/change of the position
2. Caring–Support	Change of the patient’s position			Caring, Rehabilitation, and Monitoring
(2a) Emotional or psychosocial support	Change of the bed linen			Leave a resident in urine/stool longer than 30 min
(2b) Conversations with patients or their families	Emotional & psychological support		••	Emotional support	•	•••
3. Rehabilitation–Instruction–Education	Necessary conversations			Necessary conversations with resident or family		••
(3a) Toilet training	Information about therapies			Toileting/continence training
(3b) Activating/rehabilitating care	Continence training (diapers)			Activating or rehabilitating care	•	•••
(3c) Education of patients/their families about self-care	Continence training (insert catheter)			Monitoring residents as care workers feel necessary
(3d) Preparation for hospital discharge	Activating or rehabilitating care		•••	Monitoring of confused/cognitively impaired residents & use of restraints/sedatives		•
4. Monitoring–Safety	Education and training	•••		Keep residents waiting who rung	••
(4a) Adequate monitoring of patients’ vital signs	Preparation for discharge			Documentation
(4b) Adequate monitoring of confused/impaired patients	Monitoring patients as described by physician			Studying care plans at the beginning of shift	••	•
(4c) Coping with the delayed response of a physician	Monitoring patients as the nurse feels necessary	•••		Set up or update residents’ care plans	••	••
(4d) Respond promptly to patient calls	Monitoring of confused patients & use of restraints			Documentation of care
(4e) Adequate hand hygiene	Monitoring of confused patients & use of sedatives			Social care
5. Documentation	Delay in measure because of a physician delay	••		Scheduled single activity with a resident	•••	•
(5a) Review patient documentation at the beginning of the shift	Administration of medication, infusions		••	Scheduled group activity with several residents	•••	•••
(5b) Formulate/update patient care plans	Change of wound dressings	•		Cultural activity for residents with contact outside of nursing home	•••	••
(5c) Documentation of performed nursing care	Preparation for test and therapies	••
	Keeping patient who has called waiting
	Adequate hand hygiene	•
	Necessary disinfection measures	•••
	Studying care plans		•••
	Assessment of newly admitted patient	•	•••
	Set up care plans	••
	Documentation & evaluation of the care

Legend: ***, as first, second and third unfinished activities in order, according to the statistical values (1st,2nd,3rd); ••, 4th,5th,6th order; •, 7th,8th,9^th order; ^a, this study focused only on the main score of tool; ^b, this study defined the first five specific items in the results section within the main score of the tool (see Supp. File 5)

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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