Table 3 Summary statistics of the 28 variables related to regional characteristics

Population

Proportion of population aged under 15 years

0.115

0.016

0.073

0.107

0.115

0.124

0.172

Proportion of population aged 65 years and over

0.325

0.059

0.177

0.285

0.322

0.364

0.487

Proportion of population change

–0.036

0.039

–0.113

–0.065

–0.037

–0.011

0.101

Population density

1199

2837

12

88

240

676

18,939

Proportion of population in densely inhabited districts

0.435

0.301

0.000

0.167

0.410

0.656

1.000

Proportion of daytime to nighttime population

0.989

0.139

0.791

0.966

0.992

1.003

3.345

Proportion of internal migrants from other municipalities

0.033

0.012

0.015

0.025

0.031

0.037

0.085

Household

Persons per household

2.314

0.199

1.660

2.169

2.321

2.451

2.826

Proportion of single-person households (excluding households aged 65 years and over)

0.201

0.063

0.102

0.156

0.189

0.229

0.526

Proportion of single-person households aged 65 years and over

0.138

0.035

0.062

0.111

0.130

0.161

0.240

Proportion of nuclear households

0.552

0.042

0.347

0.530

0.553

0.576

0.705

Proportion of double-income households

0.270

0.048

0.130

0.234

0.271

0.301

0.400

Proportion of households living in a detached house

0.685

0.150

0.126

0.622

0.714

0.797

0.912

Proportion of households living in government-owned rental housing

0.046

0.029

0.007

0.027

0.038

0.057

0.220

Industry & Work

Proportion of workers in primary industry

0.035

0.030

0.000

0.012

0.026

0.051

0.155

Proportion of workers in secondary industry

0.117

0.037

0.042

0.091

0.111

0.140

0.219

Proportion of workers in tertiary industry

0.311

0.026

0.252

0.293

0.309

0.329

0.416

Proportion of working population

0.492

0.031

0.378

0.471

0.494

0.515

0.575

Proportion of commuters using rail

0.055

0.069

0.000

0.013

0.026

0.058

0.296

Proportion of commuters using their own vehicle

0.303

0.093

0.016

0.285

0.333

0.362

0.430

Annual retail merchandise sales per capita

1,006,947

276,048

530,218

895,739

983,887

1,079,131

5,126,176

Municipal residence tax per capita

52,019

17,379

30,886

41,060

48,343

56,713

192,724

Land utilization

Proportion of densely inhabited district areas

0.113

0.226

0.000

0.005

0.021

0.083

1.000

Proportion of land area used for building

0.147

0.181

0.006

0.033

0.076

0.174

0.859

Proportion of forest area

0.583

0.254

0.001

0.465

0.656

0.779

0.939

Proportion of land area used for rice paddies and agriculture

0.172

0.114

0.000

0.090

0.149

0.232

0.607

Proportion of depopulated area

0.487

0.384

0.000

0.000

0.517

0.859

1.062

Number of pre-merger municipalities

10.033

5.308

1.000

6.000

9.000

13.000

28.000