Table 3 Multivariate analysis of association between the ‘free’ maternal health care policy and antenatal care uptake
Variable | Multiple logistic regression with linearized std. error | Poisson regression with linearized std. error | Negative binomial regression With linearized std. error | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR | (CI: 95%) | P-Value | aPR | (CI: 95%) | P-Value | aPR | (CI: 95%) | P-value | |
No_FMHCP | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
FMHCP | 1.97 | (1.61–2.41) | 0.001*** | 0.09 | (0.06–0.11) | 0.001*** | 0.09 | (0.07–0.11) | 0.001*** |
Age | 1.05 | (1.03–1.07) | 0.001*** | 0.01 | (0.003–0.01) | 0.001*** | 0.01 | (0.004–0.01) | 0.001*** |
Parity | 0.84 | (0.79–0.90) | 0.001*** | -0.02 | (-0.02-0.01) | 0.001*** | -0.02 | (-0.03 -0.01) | 0.001*** |
Abortion | |||||||||
No history of abortion | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
History of abortion | 1.13 | (0.88–1.46) | 0.312 | 0.01 | (-0.01-0.03) | 0.305 | 0.02 | (-0.003–0.04) | 0.094 |
Delivery place | |||||||||
Home delivery | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Facility delivery | 3.20 | (2.61–3.92) | 0.001*** | 0.22 | (0.18–0.26) | 0.001*** | 0.22 | (0.18–0.25) | 0.001*** |
Area of residence | |||||||||
Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Rural | 1.03 | (0.79–1.35) | 0.774 | 0.01 | (-0.02-0.04) | 0.706 | -0.002 | (-0.02–0.023) | 0.881 |
Employment | |||||||||
Unemployed | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Employed | 1.46 | (1.16–1.84) | 0.001*** | 0.04 | (0.007–0.07) | 0.016* | 0.03 | (0.005 − 0.06) | 0.023* |
Education | |||||||||
No education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Primary | 1.02 | (0.80–1.28) | 0.867 | -0.003 | (-0.04-0.04) | 0.868 | 0.002 | (-0.03–0.03) | 0.925 |
Secondary | 1.59 | (1.23–2.06) | 0.001*** | 0.047 | (0.01–0.08) | 0.010* | 0.04 | (0.01–0.06) | 0.013* |
Tertiary | 3.69 | (0.63–21.3) | 0.144 | 0.038 | (-0.002-0.07) | 0.065 | 0.03 | (-0.01- 0.06) | 0.061 |
Marital status | |||||||||
Not married | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Married | 1.38 | (0.96–1.97) | 0.077 | 0.027 | (-0.02-0.07) | 0.249 | 0.05 | (0.01–0.09) | 0.028* |
Liv. together | 1.07 | (0.73–1.56) | 0.723 | -0.001 | (-0.05-0.05) | 0.977 | 0.01 | (-0.03–0.06) | 0.624 |
Widowed | 1.02 | (0.53–1.97) | 0.936 | -0.001 | (-0.10-0.09) | 0.978 | 0.01 | (-0.08–0.10) | 0.847 |
Divorced | 1.14 | (0.50–2.59) | 0.748 | 0.01 | (-0.10-0.12) | 0.880 | 0.01 | (-0.08–0.09) | 0.857 |
Not liv. together | 1.25 | (0.78–1.99) | 0.343 | 0.02 | (-0.04-0.08) | 0.563 | 0.01 | (-0.05–0.08) | 0.668 |
Wealth index | |||||||||
Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Poorer | 1.19 | (0.92–1.53) | 0.164 | 0.05 | (-0.004-0.10) | 0.067 | 0.04 | (-0.001- 0.07) | 0.056* |
Middle | 1.25 | (0.92–1.71) | 0.150 | 0.06 | (0.01–0.12) | 0.029* | 0.06 | (0.01–0.09) | 0.006* |
Richer | 2.23 | (1.42–3.49) | 0.001*** | 0.09 | (0.04–0.15) | 0.001** | 0.09 | (0.05–0.13) | 0.001*** |
Richest | 4.72 | (2.33–9.56) | 0.001*** | 0.10 | (0.04–0.16) | 0.001** | 0.08 | (0.03–0.12) | 0.001** |
Region | |||||||||
Western | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Central | 1.16 | (0.72–1.84) | 0.532 | 0.02 | (-0.03- 0.07) | 0.500 | 0.02 | (-0.02–0.05) | 0.398 |
G. Accra | 0.54 | (0.31–0.93) | 0.028* | -0.04 | (-0.08–0.01) | 0.098 | -0.02 | (-0.05–0.02) | 0.361 |
Volta | 0.52 | (0.32–0.83) | 0.007* | -0.10 | (-0.17- -0.02) | 0.006 | -0.09 | (-0.15 - -0.04) | 0.001*** |
Eastern | 0.44 | (0.29–0.68) | 0.001*** | -0.12 | (-0.17- -0.06) | 0.001*** | -0.11 | (-0.16 - -0.06) | 0.001*** |
Ashanti | 1.10 | (0.67–1.79) | 0.701 | 0.01 | (-0.04- -0.05) | 0.757 | 0.01 | (-0.02–0.05) | 0.506 |
Brong-Ahafo | 1.03 | (0.63–1.69) | 0.892 | 0.004 | (-0.05- -0.05) | 0.877 | 0.01 | (-0.02–0.05) | 0.529 |
Northern | 0.75 | (0.47–1.21) | 0.249 | -0.05 | (-0.13- -0.04) | 0.253 | -0.07 | (-0.13 - -0.02) | 0.003 |
Upper East | 1.41 | (0.80–2.49) | 0.232 | 0.65 | (0.002–0.13) | 0.045* | 0.06 | (0.01–0.10) | 0.013* |
Upper West | 1.67 | (0.97–2.88) | 0.062 | 0.08 | (0.02–0.14) | 0.011* | 0.07 | (0.02- 0.11) | 0.005* |