Table 1 Respondent demographics and practice characteristics (N = 89)

Year of birth^a

1974 (IQR 1962–1983)

Gender

 Male

36

40.5%

 Female

53

59.6%

Profession

 Physician

55

61.8%

 Nurse practitioner

26

29.2%

 Physician assistant

8

9.0%

Specialty

 Internal Medicine

14

15.7%

 Family Medicine

18

20.2%

 Pediatrics

1

1.1%

 Emergency Medicine

35

39.3%

 Psychiatry

15

16.9%

 Obstetrics and gynecology

1

1.1%

 Pain management

4

4.5%

 Other

1

1.1%

Practice setting

 Office-based solo practice

6

6.7%

 Office-based group practice

22

24.7%

 Licensed SUD treatment facility

2

2.3%

 Hospital/healthcare system

24

27.0%

 Emergency department

26

29.2%

 Other

9

10.1%

Medicaid^b

 Yes

75

91.5%

Medicare^c

 Yes

80

97.6%

Private^d

 Yes

78

95.1%

Cash^e

 Yes

81

100.0%