Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between Cohort 1 and Cohort 2

Male sex

260 (71.4)

847 (74.2)

0.302

Age (years)

57.46 ± 11.24

58.16 ± 10.82

0.290

Healthcare Insurance

- No insurance

30 (8.2)

48 (4.2)

< 0.001*

- NHI

73 (20.1)

1092 (95.6)

< 0.001*

- Government funded insurance

199 (54.7)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

- Employee/regional government/private insurance

62 (17.0)

1 (0.1)

< 0.001*

Education level

- Low education (illiterate– junior high)

119 (32.7)

383 (33.5)

0.201

- High education (senior high– doctorate)

244 (67.0)

759 (66.5)

0.790

Smoking

- Current smoker

103 (28.3)

494 (43.3)

< 0.001*

- Former smoker

118 (32.4)

220 (19.3)

< 0.001*

Obesity (Asian classification, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)

119 (32.7)

336 (29.4)

0.237

Medical history

- Diabetes

112 (30.8)

338 (29.6)

0.086

- Hypertension

275 (75.5)

1004 (87.9)

< 0.001*

- Dyslipidemia

280 (76.9)

706 (61.8)

0.001*

- Previous stroke

27 (7.4)

51 (4.9)

0.027*

- Previous myocardial infarction

126 (34.6)

167 (14.6)

< 0.001*

- Previous CHF

92 (25.3)

139 (12.2)

< 0.001*

- Previous PCI

14 (3.8)

95 (8.3)

0.004*

- Previous CABG

0 (0)

9 (0.8)

0.089

Concomitant condition

- Acute heart failure (≥ Killip 2)

150 (41.2)

349 (30.6)

< 0.001*

- Cardiogenic shock

17 (4.7)

72 (6.3)

0.194

- Stroke

18 (4.9)

23 (2.0)

0.004