Table 3 Summary of implementation strategies organized by Go-Zone quadrants globally and per cluster

1. Economy & Funding

 Apply for grants/project funding

80

3.63

1.01

3.68

1.00

I

I

 Access new funding

1

4.05

1.23

2.55

1.15

III

I

 Fund and contract for the clinical innovation

34

4.00

1.08

2.65

1.18

III

I

 Use other payment schemes

70

4.35

0.81

3.10

0.72

III

I

 Place costs at the system level

93

4.53

0.61

3.00

0.67

III

I

 Make billing easier

42

2.50

1.40

2.65

1.27

IV

II

 Use capitated payments

66

3.25

1.37

2.55

1.32

IV

II

 Use data experts

67

3.25

1.21

2.95

1.15

IV

II

 Alter incentive/allowance structures

2

2.40

1.14

1.60

0.82

IV

IV

 Alter patient/consumer fees

3

3.15

1.50

2.30

1.42

IV

IV

 Develop disincentives

28

1.25

0.72

1.20

0.70

IV

IV

 Place innovation on fee for service lists/formularies

49

2.90

1.25

2.15

1.04

IV

IV

2. Preparation & Facilitation

 Assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators

4

4.10

1.12

3.40

0.75

I

I

 Develop a formal implementation blueprint

23

3.95

0.94

3.40

0.94

I

I

 Facilitation

33

4.20

0.62

3.75

0.97

I

I

 Identify and prepare champions

35

3.90

1.02

3.70

0.73

I

I

 Avoid competing activities

87

3.63

1.01

3.42

0.90

I

I

 Adapt to other work tasks

89

4.63

0.50

3.74

0.93

I

I

 Conduct local needs assessment

18

3.60

1.35

3.50

1.00

II

I

 Promote adaptability

51

3.35

1.23

3.35

1.04

II

II

 Centralize technical assistance

8

4.05

0.94

3.20

1.06

III

I

 Change liability laws

10

3.30

0.92

2.75

1.07

IV

IV

 Change physical structure and equipment

11

2.15

1.39

2.40

1.19

IV

IV

 Change record systems

12

3.05

1.15

2.60

1.05

IV

IV

 Use data warehousing techniques

68

3.00

1.12

2.35

1.04

IV

IV

3. Implementation

 Identify early adopters

36

4.05

0.89

3.75

0.91

I

I

 Purposely reexamine the implementation

56

3.95

0.89

3.25

0.91

I

I

 Remind clinicians

58

3.80

0.62

3.70

0.92

I

I

 Stage implementation scale up

61

3.30

0.98

3.30

0.92

II

II

 Tailor strategies

63

3.85

0.81

3.05

0.83

III

III

 Conduct cyclical small tests of change

14

2.75

1.16

3.15

1.14

IV

II

 Develop and organize quality monitoring systems

27

3.50

0.76

2.90

0.79

IV

III

 Audit and provide feedback

5

3.05

1.15

2.35

0.93

IV

IV

 Develop and implement tools for quality monitoring

26

3.30

0.80

2.55

0.83

IV

IV

 Establish a coordinator function/role

92

3.00

1.20

2.79

1.13

IV

IV

4. Interactive & Interdisciplinary Collaboration

 Create a learning collaborative

20

3.65

0.88

3.40

0.94

I

I

 Build a coalition

6

3.75

1.12

3.15

1.14

III

I

 Capture and share local knowledge

7

3.75

0.72

3.10

1.02

III

I

 Develop academic partnerships

24

3.50

1.19

3.20

1.24

IV

I

 Promote network weaving

52

3.45

0.89

3.20

0.83

IV

I

 Create a quality assurance and certification scheme

81

3.11

1.05

3.16

0.90

IV

II

 Create new clinical teams

21

2.65

1.04

2.70

1.08

IV

IV

 Start a dissemination organization

62

2.35

1.23

2.40

1.23

IV

IV

 Visit other sites

72

2.85

0.93

2.80

0.89

IV

IV

 Work with educational institutions

73

3.00

1.30

2.65

1.18

IV

IV

5. Embedding & Coherence

 Conduct local consensus discussions

17

4.20

0.83

3.90

0.97

I

I

 Model and simulate change

45

4.05

1.10

3.70

0.98

I

I

 Organize clinician implementation team meetings

48

4.35

0.88

3.80

1.11

I

I

 Make the relative advantage of the program visible

78

3.84

0.83

3.53

0.96

I

I

 Inform employees about the implementation plan

83

4.00

0.82

4.00

0.88

I

I

 Facilitate relay of clinical data to providers

32

3.45

1.23

3.25

1.02

II

IV

 Inform local opinion leaders

38

3.35

1.46

3.45

1.15

II

IV

 Change accreditation or membership requirements

9

3.25

1.25

3.20

1.24

IV

IV

6. Leadership & Organization

 Mandate change

44

4.65

0.59

3.35

1.04

I

I

 Ensure managerial support and embedding

74

4.63

0.50

4.00

0.75

I

I

 Provide digital equipment and knowledge

85

4.21

1.03

3.84

1.01

I

I

 Ensure program is in line with legal frameworks and requirements

88

4.68

0.48

4.00

1.00

I

I

 Build service capacity

91

4.32

0.75

3.37

0.96

I

I

 Inform employees about the implementation plan

97

3.63

1.01

3.32

0.95

I

II

 Involve executive boards

40

3.75

1.33

2.80

1.24

III

III

 Obtain formal commitments

47

3.05

1.15

3.20

1.11

IV

II

 Change service sites

13

1.65

1.27

1.55

1.10

IV

IV

 Revise professional roles

59

2.15

1.09

2.20

1.01

IV

IV

7. Training

 Conduct educational outreach visits

16

4.35

0.75

4.15

0.81

I

I

 Develop educational materials

29

4.50

0.61

3.85

1.04

I

I

 Distribute educational materials

31

4.30

1.03

4.35

0.88

I

I

 Provide counseling in working with ambivalence among parents

86

4.37

0.76

4.16

0.76

I

I

 Ensure regular program and content updates

94

4.16

0.69

3.89

0.88

I

I

 Make training dynamic

43

3.70

0.86

3.45

0.76

I

IV

 Create an extended program and treatment manual

96

3.84

0.83

3.74

0.93

I

IV

 Conduct educational meetings

15

3.10

1.12

3.10

1.12

IV

IV

8. Clinician Support & Implementation Counseling

 Conduct ongoing training

19

4.55

0.76

3.60

0.88

I

I

 Develop an implementation glossary

25

4.05

1.15

3.65

1.04

I

I

 Provide clinical supervision

53

4.65

0.49

3.75

0.91

I

I

 Use train-the-trainer strategies

71

4.10

0.72

3.80

0.89

I

I

 Provide training for the entire clinic/service (a generalist model)

75

4.42

0.61

3.63

0.60

I

I

 Create resource teams in the service

82

4.11

0.74

4.05

0.71

I

I

 Teach practitioners to work according to evidence-based principles

76

3.63

0.96

3.47

0.90

I

II

 Create regular mentoring/team meetings

77

3.63

0.83

3.68

0.58

I

II

 Provide ongoing consultation

55

3.60

0.99

3.40

1.10

II

IV

 Provide local technical assistance

54

3.70

1.03

3.20

1.20

III

IV

 Shadow other experts

60

2.90

1.21

2.85

1.09

IV

IV

 Use advisory boards and workgroups

64

2.65

1.09

2.55

1.05

IV

IV

 Use an implementation advisor

65

2.90

1.33

3.00

1.30

IV

IV

9. Quality Assurance

 Recruit, designate, and train for leadership

57

3.80

1.11

3.45

1.00

I

I

 Make a plan for treatment referrals

95

3.74

1.10

3.05

1.03

III

III

 Ensure program fidelity

84

3.58

0.90

3.16

1.07

IV

II

 Create or change credentialing and/or licensure standards

22

3.30

1.03

2.85

1.04

IV

IV

10. User Involvement & Participation

 Involve patients/consumers and family members

41

4.30

0.80

3.75

0.85

I

I

 Obtain and use patients and family feedback

46

4.70

0.47

3.60

0.88

I

I

 Prepare patients to be active participants

50

4.55

0.76

4.10

0.79

I

I

 Increase demand

37

3.70

1.26

3.45

0.83

I

II

 Intervene with patients to enhance uptake and adherence

39

3.90

1.02

3.30

1.03

I

III

 Make cultural adaptations to the program

90

4.26

0.73

3.21

0.85

I

III

 Use mass media

69

2.85

1.14

3.40

1.19

II

II

 Create an e-learning course for practitioners

79

2.89

1.20

3.37

1.12

II

IV

 Develop resource sharing agreements

30

2.95

1.05

2.35

1.09

IV

IV