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Table 4 Factors associated with fathers’ potential unmet health care needs (n = 141)

From: Health care needs, experiences, and satisfaction after terrorism: a longitudinal study of parents of survivors of the Utøya attack

Characteristics

Perceived needs higher than the help received

Psychological reactions

(n = 141)

Physical problems

(n = 138)

Unmet health care needs, n = 50

%, Mean (n/SD)

Health care needs met, n = 91

%, Mean (n/SD)

P value

Cohens’ d

Cramer’s V

Unmet health care needs,

n = 22

%, Mean (n/SD)

Health care needs met, n = 116

%, Mean (n/SD)

P value

Cohens’ d

Cramer’s V

Sociodemographic Background

          

Age at the time of the attack

48.59 (5.13)

50.26 (6.20)

0.091

-286

 

50.7 (5.25)

49.50 (6.06)

0.355

0.198

 

Non-Norwegian origin

12.0 (6)

5.5 (5)

0.168

 

0.116

13.6 (2)

6.9 (8)

0.285

 

0.091

Financially disadvantaged

16.0 (8)

8.8 (8)

0.197

 

0.109

9.1 (2)

12.1(14)

0.689

 

0.034

Higher education level

64.0 (32)

51.6 (47)

0.157

 

0.119

77.3 (17)

53.4 (62)

0.038

 

0.176

Living with a spouse or partner

82.0 (41)

89.0 (81)

0.243

 

0.098

86.4 (19)

86.2 (100)

0.984

 

0.002

Not working full-or part-time

12.0 (6)

11.0 (10)

0.856

 

0.015

27.3 (6)

8.6 (10)

0.012

 

0.213

Health Post-Terror Attack

          

Self-perceived health (T3):

          

Excellent/very good

42.0 (21)

69.2 (63)

0.003

 

0.291

36.4 (8)

63.8 (74)

< 0.001

 

0.326

Good

36.0 (18)

24.2 (22)

   

27.3 (6)

28.4(33)

   

Somewhat good/not good

22.0 (11)

6.6 (6)

   

36.4 (8)

7.8 (9)

   

Current health compared to health before the attack (T3):

          

Poorer

32.0 (16)

23.1 (21)

0.357

 

0.121

50.0 (11)

21.6 (25)

0.019

 

0.240

Same

56.0 (28)

68.1 (62)

   

45.5 (10)

67.2 (78)

   

Better

12.0 (6)

8.8 (8)

   

4.5 (1)

11.2 (13)

   

Mean posttraumatic stress symptoms score:

          

Wave 1

1.16 (0.62)

0.66 (0.46)

< 0.001

0.979

 

1.36 (0.59)

0.72 (0.50)

< 0.001

1.246

 

Wave 2

1.18 (0.74)

0.59 (0.48)

< 0.001

1.004

 

1.47 (0.61)

0.66 (0.58)

< 0.001

1.377

 

Wave 3

1.08 (0.68)

0.50 (0.48)

< 0.001

1.037

 

1.25 (0.66)

0.59 (0.56)

< 0.001

1.148

 

Mean anxiety/depression score:

          

Wave 1

1.74 (0.57)

1.35 (0.38)

< 0.001

0.866

 

1.88 (0.50)

1.41 (0.45)

< 0.001

1.032

 

Wave 2

1.81 (0.71)

1.32 (0.40)

< 0.001

0.912

 

2.02 (0.67)

1.39 (0.50)

< 0.001

1.179

 

Wave 3

1.70 (0.62)

1.25 (0.35)

< 0.001

0.968

 

1.87 (0.68)

1.33 (0.43)

< 0.001

1.156

 

Social support:

          

Wave 3

3.84 (0.89)

4.53 (0.51)

< 0.001

.-1.021

 

3.69 (0.81)

4.40 (0.68)

< 0.001

-1.018