Fig. 3

a-b Total and average HIV CBS cost per client from health care system (a) and societal perspective in current situation (2022) and scale-up (2023–2027) by location and key population. To assess the impact of varying cost input in national and subnational level, we reduced the national level cost incurred by PR and subnational level incurred by SR by 20% to 80% for 5 years (capital cost during startup and implementation phase which included sensitization and training, supervision and monitoring, salaries), thus showing effort to minimize dependency to international donor funding. At local level, we reduced the personnel salary for peer leader and program management by 20% to 80% for 5 years hoping that KP will self-manage to do oral HIVST without the need to do outreach activity conducted by peer leaders. We scale up the program by increasing the number of oral HIVST test kits distributed to client for screening by percentage of targeted OFT (50%-90% for 5 years). All these variations were in 5 scenario which each proceed simultaneously for all inputs. Finally, we estimated a best- and worst-case scenario, the point where all the parameters yield the lowest/highest unit cost per kit distributed for screening