Table 6 Mapping of findings between document review and focus group discussions

Occupational safety and health in public health emergencies: a manual for protecting health workers and responders’ published by the WHO and International Labour Organization (ILO)(2018)

Risk of inflicting harm to patient and practitioners

Risk of harm

Role of association in defining and maintaining standards, aims and objectives and communications

Self-regulation and development of code of practice ethics by professions

Regulations for PAH including the establishment of regulatory bodies in Malaysia, Australia and the UK.

The need for regulation to protect both public and practitioners, and for quality of services

Malaysian Qualification Agency (MQA) released the latest version of Malaysian Qualification Framework version 2.0 (MQF 2.0) focusing on the relevant graduate attributes, program educational outcomes, program learning outcomes, course learning outcomes and constructive alignment

Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) published Framing Malaysian Higher Education 4.0: Future-Proof Talents depicting the aspirations, objectives, and approach to produce graduates that are capable to deal with artificial intelligence, digitisation, automation, and Internet of Things (IoT) in daily experience

Having relevant competency and skill for healthcare system;

Having the highest relevant tertiary education possessed by practitioners

Practitioners undergone formalised and structured training modules as requirement for attaining an academic qualification and fulfill professional requirement for certification

Set of competency and skills;

Relevant training;

Formal qualification

Different government entities are involved which it can be seen that the name of profession as well as the job scope remains generally similar.

Full spectrum of roles, functions, responsibilities, activities and decision-making capacity that individuals within the profession are educated, competent and authorised to perform

Practitioner involved as a part of multi-disciplinary healthcare service.

Scope of Practice;

Healthcare team