Table 2 Themes and sub-themes

Individual-level barriers

1. Lack of insight

2. Financial challenge

3. Poor compliance with treatment

4. Beliefs about the causes of mental illness

Interpersonal barriers

1. Family pressure

Community-level barriers

1. Stigma

2. Mental health illiteracy

Organizational-level barriers

1. Inadequate staffing and space

2. Staff attitude

Policy-level barriers

1. Neglect of mental health

2. Non-inclusion of mental health services on to the NHIS