Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Theories used to develop or evaluate social prescribing in studies: a scoping review
No | Author(s) | Year | Title | Country | Publication type | Methods | Theory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Baker & Irving | 2016 | Co-producing Approaches to the Management of Dementia through Social Prescribing | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews & focus groups with health commissioners, GPs, community health nurses, sheltered accommodation managers, people with dementia & family members | Boundary-spanning |
2 | Bhatti, Rayner, Pinto, Mulligan & Cole | 2021 | Using self-determination theory to understand the social prescribing process: a qualitative study | Canada | Journal article | Qualitative: focus groups & interviews with patients | Self-Determination theory (SDT) |
3 | Blickem, Kennedy, Jariwala, Morris, Bowen, Vassilev, Brooks, Blakeman & Rogers | 2014 | Aligning everyday life priorities with people’s self-management support networks: an exploration of the work and implementation of a needs-led telephone support system | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews, focus group & observations with participants & support workers | Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) |
4a | Chng, Hawkins, Fitzpatrick, O’Donnell, Mackenzie, Wyke & Mercer | 2021 | Implementing social prescribing in primary care in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation: process evaluation of the ‘Deep End’ community Links Worker Programme | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: focus groups, email surveys & interviews with GPs, community link practitioners, practice manager, practice nurses & community organisational workers | Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) |
5 | Dayson | 2017 | Evaluating social innovations and their contribution to social value: the benefits of a ‘blended value’ approach | UK | Journal article | Mixed methods: hospital episodes data; a pre/post wellbeing questionnaire with patients; interviews with patients, their carers, commissioners & providers | Social Innovation |
6 | Dingle, Sharman, Hayes, Chua, Baker, Haslam, Jetten, Haslam, Cruwys & McNamara | 2022 | A controlled evaluation of the effect of social prescribing programs on loneliness for adults in Queensland, Australia (protocol) | Australia | Journal article | Protocol for a controlled evaluation: Non-randomised controlled design with a SP condition & a primary care treatment as usual condition | Social Cure |
7 | Fixsen, Seers, Polley & Robins | 2020 | Applying critical systems thinking to social prescribing: a relational model of stakeholder “buy-in” | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews, planning meetings & discussions with key staff, other stakeholders & service users | Critical Systems Thinking (CST) |
8 | Gibson, Pollard & Moffatt | 2021 | Social prescribing and classed inequality: A journey of upward health mobility? | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: ethnographic case study: interviews with participants & family members; participant observation | Bourdieusian approaches to class |
9 | Gibson, Moffatt & Pollard | 2022 | ‘He called me out of the blue’: An ethnographic exploration of contrasting temporalities in a social prescribing intervention | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: ethnography, 200 h spent with participants and/or their families | Synchronicity, time |
10 | Halder, Wakefield, Bowe, Kellezi, Mair, McNamara, Wilson & Stevenson | 2021 | Evaluation and exploration of a social prescribing initiative: Study protocol | UK | Journal article | Protocol for mixed methods: survey; interviews with service-users and service-providers | Social Cure |
11 | Hanlon, Gray, Chng & Mercer | 2021 | Does Self-Determination Theory help explain the impact of social prescribing? A qualitative analysis of patients’ experiences of the Glasgow ‘Deep-End’ Community Links Worker Intervention | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews with patients | Self-Determination Theory (SDT) |
12 | Kellezi, Wakefield, Stevenson, McNamara, Mair, Bowe, Wilson & Halder | 2019 | The social cure of social prescribing: a mixed-methods study on the benefits of social connectedness on quality and effectiveness of care provision | UK | Journal article | Mixed methods: interviews with GPs, Health Coaches, Link Workers & patients; longitudinal survey with patients | Social Cure |
13a | Mercer, Fritzpatrick, Grant, Chng, O’Donnell, Mackenzie, McConnachie, Bakhshi & Wyke | 2017 | The Glasgow ‘Deep End’ Links Worker Study Protocol: a quasi-experimental evaluation of a social prescribing intervention for patients with complex needs in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation | UK | Journal article | Protocol for mixed methods: interviews with patients, managers of community organisations, Link Workers, GPs, reception staff & practice managers; Data mapped for interventions & controls | Self-Determination Theory (SDT); Candidacy theory; Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) |
14a | Mercer, Wyke, Fitzpatrick, McConnachie, O’Donnell, Mackenzie, Bakhshi, Chng, Grant & McLeod | 2017 | Evaluation of the Glasgow ‘Deep End’ Links Worker Programme | UK | Grey literature evaluation | Mixed methods: focus groups; email survey; interviews with practice staff and patients | Self-Determination Theory (SDT); Candidacy theory; Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) |
15 | Wakefield, Kellezi, Stevenson, McNamara, Bowe, Wilson, Halder & Mair | 2022 | Social Prescribing as ‘Social Cure’: A longitudinal study of the health benefits of social connectedness within a Social Prescribing pathway | UK | Journal article | Quantitative: longitudinal survey with participants | Social Cure |
16 | White, Cornish & Kerr | 2017 | Front-line perspectives on ‘joined-up’ working relationships: a qualitative study of social prescribing in the west of Scotland | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews with prescribers and providers (third sector organisations) | Social Capital |
17 | Whitelaw, Thirlwall, Morrison, Osborne, Tattum & Walker | 2017 | Developing and implementing a social prescribing initiative in primary care: insights into the possibility of normalisation and sustainability from a UK case study | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews with project steering group, wider primary care team & various community groups | Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) |
18 | Wood, Ohlsen, Fenton, Connell & Weich | 2021 | Social prescribing for people with complex needs: a realist evaluation | UK | Journal article | Qualitative: interviews with participants, staff & referrer (SP community anchor organisation) | Salutogenesis |