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Table 2 Sample characteristics (2017 sample compared to 2022 sample)

From: Impacts of the COVID-19 public health emergency on healthcare professional delivery of opportunistic behaviour change interventions: a retrospective cohort study

  

Pre-COVID-19 survey (2017)

During COVID-19 survey (2022)

  

Variable

n

(%)

Mean

(SD)

n

(%)

Mean

(SD)

X2 for difference between two samples

t-test

Gender (%)

          

Male

Female

Total

446

941

1387

(32.2)

(67.8)

  

266

741

1008

(26.4)

(73.5)

  

0.87 (p =.35)

0.87 (p =.35)

 

Age, years

  

45

(11.46)

  

45

(11.97)

 

0.11

Healthcare professional groupa

          

General Practitioners

Specialist doctors

Nurses and health visitors

Midwives

Ambulance staff

Scientific, therapeutic and technical staffb

Nurses working in GP practices

Support to clinical staff

Other HCHS staff/unknown classifications

Total

332

125

438

42

20

270

88

49

23

1387

(23.9)

(9.0)

(31.6)

(3.0)

(1.4)

(19.5)

(6.3)

(3.5)

(1.3)

  

45

146

409

30

10

143

46

58

121

1008

(4.5)

(14.5)

(40.6)

(3.0)

(1.0)

(14.2)

(4.6)

(5.8)

(12.0)

  

14.56 (p <.01)

1.70 (p =.19)

1.75 (p =.19)

1.00 (p = 1.00)

1.00 (p = 1.00)

1.28 (p =.26)

0.10 (p =.76)

0.42 (p =.52)

9.95 (p <.01)

 

Setting

          

NHS Acute Care

NHS Tertiary Care

NHS Community Care

NHS Primary Care

Other

Total

576

83

257

339

132

1387

(41.5)

(6.0)

(18.5)

(24.4)

(9.5)

  

414

89

230

193

82

(41.1)

(8.8)

(22.8)

(19.1)

(8.2)

 

-

0.02 (p =.89)

0.65 (p =.42)

0.48 (p =.49)

0.23 (p =.63)

0.24 (p =.62)

 

How many service users do you see in a typical week?

  

50

(31.89)

  

33.39

(30.23)

 

12.48***

Total number of service users seen by all included healthcare professionals

  

58,906b

 

33,631b

     

How many minutes do you spend on average with each service user? (mins)

  

31

(19.54)

  

32

(20.40)

 

-1.92

Before today, had you heard of the Making Every Contact Count consensus statement?

          

Yes

436

(31.4)

  

524

(52.0)

  

9.08 (p <.01)

 

No

830

(59.8)

  

484

(48.0)

  

2.90 (p =.09)

 

Do not know

83

(6.0)

  

-

-

    

Did not state

38

(2.7)

  

-

-

    

Total

1387

   

1008

     
  1. ***p <.001; **p <.01; *p <.05
  2. a Staff categories and NHS data according to NHS digital workforce statistics (headcount), excludes NHS infrastructure support and admin staff; https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/healthcare-workforce-statistics/healthcare-workforce-statistics-march-2017-experimental
  3. b Participants were asked to estimate the number of patients they would see in a typical week; therefore, this is an approximate number only, based on n = 1177 healthcare professionals who provided an estimate