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Table 5 Categories and sub-categories of the consequences of quack medicine in healthcare system

From: Causes and consequences of quack medicine in health care: a scoping review of global experience

Categories

Sub-categories

Health consequences

Increasing mortality

Reducing medical effectiveness

Preventing the achievement of treatment goals

Increased risk of poisoning

Adverse drug reactions

Drug resistance

Multiple drug interactions

Negative effects caused by disease mongering

Economic consequences

Financial loss

Resources waste

Increased costs and burden on health care system

Negative impacts on health insurance

Effects caused by disease mongering

Social consequences

Undermining trust in medicine

Undermining scientific activities and the credibility of the medical profession

Loss of trust in health care professionals

Weakening of modern medical ethics