Table 4 Causes of quack medicine in the healthcare system
From: Causes and consequences of quack medicine in health care: a scoping review of global experience
Categories | Sub-categories |
|---|---|
Political factors | Approaches influenced by political ideologies: ‣Commercialism ‣Consumerism ‣Professionalism (Competition Versus Cooperation) Lack of political will |
Economic factors | Weak economic condition and poverty Increasing cost of standard healthcare Greater demand than supply of drugs Economic recession of countries High cost required to deal with quackery medicine Disease mongering |
Sociocultural factors | Illiteracy, low literacy levels and lack of awareness Deceptive advertisements |
Technical-Organizational Factors | Reluctance of health authorities and institutions to publicize fraud cases online pharmacies Multiple payers and providers Fraud and deception in health research Involvement of secondary wholesales Operational obstacles in combating quackery |
Legal Factors | Absence or inadequacy of regulatory mechanisms Legal loopholes Ineffective implementation of existing laws Non-deterrent criminal penalties |
Psychological factors | Vulnerability of Patients Disappointed healthcare providers |