Table 2 Multivariable longitudinal analysis of quarterly reported T2D-related cost over 4 years

All patients

Age (continuous)

-0.001

-0.002– -0.000

0.0004

Sex (female vs. male)

0.018

0.009–0.027

< 0.0001

A1C (continuous)

0.093

0.090–0.095

< 0.0001

Complication (short vs. none)

0.325

0.315–0.334

< 0.0001

Complication (long vs. none)

0.292

0.276–0.307

< 0.0001

Complication (Both short and long vs. none)

0.852

0.823–0.881

< 0.0001

Metro status (non-metro vs. metro)

-0.053

-0.067– -0.039

< 0.0001

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Continuous)

0.209

0.201–0.218

< 0.0001

Patients with increasing cost trend

Age (continuous)

-0.004

-0.006– -0.003

< 0.0001

Sex (female vs. male)

-0.019

-0.050–0.011

0.2111

A1C (continuous)

0.133

0.126–0.141

< 0.0001

Complication (short vs. none)

0.502

0.473–0.531

< 0.0001

Complication (long vs. none)

0.461

0.412–0.510

< 0.0001

Complication (Both short and long vs. none)

1.254

1.1422–1.366

< 0.0001

Metro status (non-metro vs. metro)

-0.025

-0.069–0.019

0.2666

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Continuous)

0.082

0.054–0.110

< 0.0001

Patients with low stable cost trend

Age (continuous)

-0.011

-0.012– -0.009

< 0.0001

Sex (female vs. male)

-0.093

-0.128– -0.058

< 0.0001

A1C (continuous)

0.164

0.155–0.173

< 0.0001

Complication (short vs. none)

0.519

0.485–0.554

< 0.0001

Complication (long vs. none)

0.543

0.482–0.605

< 0.0001

Complication (Both short and long vs. none)

1.442

1.252–1.632

< 0.0001

Metro status (non-metro vs. metro)

0.060

0.009–0.111

0.0216

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Continuous)

-0.109

-0.136– -0.081

< 0.0001

Patients with medium stable cost trend

Age (continuous)

-0.005

-0.005– -0.004

< 0.0001

Sex (female vs. male)

0.000

-0.013–0.014

0.9602

A1C (continuous)

0.067

0.0633–0.070

< 0.0001

Complication (short vs. none)

0.220

0.206–0.234

< 0.0001

Complication (long vs. none)

0.169

0.145–0.193

< 0.0001

Complication (Both short and long vs. none)

0.734

0.683–0.786

< 0.0001

Metro status (non-metro vs. metro)

-0.081

-0.101– -0.061

< 0.0001

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Continuous)

0.112

0.098–0.127

< 0.0001

Patients with high stable cost trend

Age (continuous)

-0.006

-0.006– -0.005

< 0.0001

Sex (female vs. male)

0.038

0.026–0.050

< 0.0001

A1C (continuous)

0.043

0.040–0.047

< 0.0001

Complication (short vs. none)

0.189

0.177–0.201

< 0.0001

Complication (long vs. none)

0.129

0.109–0.149

< 0.0001

Complication (Both short and long vs. none)

0.594

0.559–0.628

< 0.0001

Metro status (non-metro vs. metro)

-0.056

-0.076– -0.036

< 0.0001

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Continuous)

0.265

0.256–0.275

< 0.0001