Pain and quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia after admission – a longitudinal study

Helvik, Anne-S.; Bergh, Sverre; Šaltytė Benth, Jūratė; Borza, Tom; Husebø, Bettina; Tevik, Kjerstin

doi:10.1186/s12913-023-10041-5

BMC Health Services Research

Table 4 Results of linear mixed model assessing factors associated with the three dimensions of quality of life: QUALID sadness, tension, and well-being ^a

From: Pain and quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia after admission – a longitudinal study

	QUALID sadness Adjusted model		QUALID tension Adjusted model		QUALID well-being Adjusted model
	RC (95% CI)	p-value	RC (95% CI)	p-value	RC (95% CI)	p-value
Time (months)
0	0		0		0
12	0.002 (-0.22; 0.22)	0.985	-0.15 (-0.39; 0.10)	0.240	0.16 (-0.04; 0.37)	0.123
24	-0.09 (-0.37; 0.19)	0.542	-0.01 (-0.33; 0.30)	0.932	0.23 (-0.04; 0.49)	0.100
Assessed simultaneously with outcome
MOBID-2	0.03 (0.02; 0.04)	< 0.001	0.05 (0.03; 0.06)	< 0.001	0.004 (-0.007; 0.02)	0.440
CDR-SoB	0.05 (0.01; 0.10)	0.008	0.08 (0.03; 0.12)	0.001	0.04 (-0.004; 0.08)	0.074
GMHR
Poor/Fairly poor– ref	0		0		0
Good/Fairly good	-0.09 (-0.31; 0.13)	0.426	-0.15 (-0.39; 0.09)	0.218	-0.26 (-0.48; -0.04)	0.022
PSMS	0.03 (-0.003; 0.06)	0.077	0.07 (0.03; 0.10)	< 0.001	0.11 (0.08; 0.14)	< 0.001
NPI-NH sub-syndrome^b
Agitation	0.007 (-0.01; 0.02)	0.433	0.20 (0.18; 0.22)	< 0.001	0.02 (-0.001; 0.03)	0.066
Affective	0.29 (0.27; 0.32)	< 0.001	0.21 (0.18; 0.24)	< 0.001	0.06 (0.04; 0.08)	< 0.001
Psychosis	0.01 (-0.02; 0.04)	0.445	0.05 (0.01; 0.08)	0.005	0.001 (-0.03; 0.03)	0.925
Apathy	0.08 (0.03; 0.12)	0.001	-0.02 (-0.07; 0.03)	0.346	0.26 (0.22; 0.31)	< 0.001
Psychotropic drugs (number)
0 – ref	0		0		0
1	0.20 (-0.05; 0.46)	0.117	0.09 (-0.19; 0.36)	0.547	-0.03 (-0.28; 0.22)	0.830
2	0.39 (0.08; 0.70)	0.013	0.23 (-0.11; 0.56)	0.183	0.14 (-0.17; 0.45)	0.382
3+	0.46 (0.04; 0.88)	0.030	0.42 (-0.03; 0.87)	0.070	0.26 (-0.17; 0.68)	0.235
Analgesics
Opioids^c	0.14 (-0.14; 0.42)	0.339	0.39 (0.08; 0.70)	0.013	0.18 (-0.10; 0.46)	0.211
Paracetamol^d	0.25 (0.02; 0.48)	0.035	0.36 (0.11; 0.61)	0.005	0.02 (-0.21; 0.25)	0.852
Civil status
Unmarried/no partner – ref	0		0		0
Married/partner	0.14 (-0.14; 0.41)	0.328	0.24 (-0.05; 0.53)	0.108	0.009 (-0.27; 0.29)	0.950
Assessed at baseline
Age	-0.0005 (-0.02; 0.02)	0.953	0.0007 (-0.02; 0.02)	0.936	0.008 (-0.01; 0.02)	0.392
Gender
Females – ref	0		0		0
Males	-0.42 (0.68; -0.17)	0.001	-0.12 )-0.39; 0.16)	0.404	0.14 (-0.13; 0.41)	0.315
NH
Regular care unit – ref	0		0		0
Special care unit	0.24 (-0.02; 0.49)	0.070	0.08 (-0.19; 0.35)	0.555	-0.64 (-0.91; -0.37)	< 0.001

Bold values shown statistically significant result with a p-value less than 0.05
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, CDR-SoB Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes, GMHR General Medical Health Rating, MOBID-2 Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia-2, NH Nursing Home, NPI-NH Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home version, PSMS Physical Self- Maintenance Scale, RC Regression coefficient, QUALID Quality of Life of Late Stage Dementia
^aResults of linear mixed model analyses. All analyses adjusted for cluster effect within NH; Only cases with no missing values on adjustment variables are included in the analyses
QUALID well-being dimension includes: smiles, enjoys eating, enjoys social interaction and enjoys touching/being touched, QUALID tension dimension includes: physically uncomfortable, verbalization suggests discomfort, irritable and appears calm, QUALID well-being dimension includes: smiles, enjoys eating, enjoys social interaction and enjoys touching/being touched
N = 823 (A₁) + 519 (A₂) + 299 (A₃) = 1641
^bNPI-NH Agitation sub-syndrome: agitation/aggression, disinhibition and irritability; NPI-NH Affective sub-syndrome: depression and anxiety; NPI-NH Psychosis sub-syndrome: delusions and hallucination
^cOpioids N02A
^dParacetamol N02B E01, N02A J06, and N02A J13

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com