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Table 3 Results of linear mixed model assessing factors associated with overall quality of life, QUALID total-scorea

From: Pain and quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia after admission – a longitudinal study

 

Unadjusted models

Adjusted model

RC (95% CI)

p-value

RC (95% CI)

p-value

Time (months)

 0

0

 

0

 

 12

1.29 (0.69; 1.89)

 < 0.001

0.02 (-0.44; 0.49)

0.919

 24

2.50 (1.76; 3.25)

 < 0.001

0.13 (-0.47; 0.73)

0.678

Assessed simultaneously with outcome

 MOBID-2

0.17 (0.14; 0.21)

 < 0.001

0.08 (0.06; 0.10)

 < 0.001

 CDR-SoB

0.64 (0.54; 0.74)

 < 0.001

0.17 (0.08; 0.25)

 < 0.001

GMHR

 Poor/Fairly Poor – ref

0

 

0

 

 Good/Fairly good

-1.97 (-2.63; -1.31)

 < 0.001

-0.50 (-0.98; -0.03)

0.038

 PSMS

0.48 (0.41; 0.56)

 < 0.001

0.20 (0.14; 0.27)

 < 0.001

NPI-NH sub-syndromeb

 Agitation

0.47 (0.43; 0.50)

 < 0.001

0.22 (0.19; 0.26)

 < 0.001

 Affective

0.81 (0.75; 0.86)

 < 0.001

0.56 (0.51; 0.61)

 < 0.001

 Psychosis

0.60 (0.53; 0.68)

 < 0.001

0.06 (-0.002; 0.13)

0.056

 Apathy

0.78 (0.65; 0.91)

 < 0.001

0.33 (0.23; 0.42)

 < 0.001

Psychotropic drugs (number)

 0 – ref

0

 

0

 

 1

1.03 (0.25; 1.81)

0.009

0.24 (-0.30; 0.79)

0.380

 2

2.77 (1.84; 3.71)

 < 0.001

0.70 (0.04; 1.36)

0.039

 3 + 

5.30 (4.04; 6.57)

 < 0.001

1.17 (0.26; 2.07)

0.011

Analgesics

 Opioidsc

2.14 (1.30; 2.98)

 < 0.001

0.69 (0.09; 1.30)

0.025

 Paracetamold

1.87 (1.19; 2.55)

 < 0.001

0.61 (0.12; 1.10)

0.015

Civil status

 Unmarried/no partner – ref

0

 

0

 

 Married/partner

1.76 (0.90; 2.63)

 < 0.001

0.37 (-0.22; 0.95)

0.217

Assessed at baseline

 Age

-0.07 (-0.12; -0.01)

0.015

0.008 (-0.03; 0.04)

0.666

 Gender

 Females – ref

0

 

0

 

 Males

-0.29 (-1.15; 0.57)

0.509

-0.42 (-0.97; 0.14)

0.145

NH

 Regular care unit – ref

0

 

0

 

 Special care unit

0.65 (-0.19; 1.48)

0.129

-0.31 (-0.86; 0.24)

09.268

  1. Bold values shown statistically significant result with a p-value less than 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, CDR-SoB Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes, GMHR General Medical Health Rating, MOBID-2 Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia-2, NH Nursing Home, NPI-NH Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home version, PSMS Physical Self- Maintenance Scale, RC Regression coefficient, QUALID Quality of Life of Late Stage Dementia
  3. aAll analyses adjusted for cluster effect within NH; Only cases with no missing values on adjustment variables are included in the analyses
  4. N = 822 (A1) + 519 (A2) + 299 (A3) = 1640
  5. bNPI-NH Agitation sub-syndrome: agitation/aggression, disinhibition, and irritability; NPI-NH Affective sub-syndrome: depression and anxiety; NPI-NH Psychosis sub-syndrome: delusions and hallucination
  6. cOpioids  N02A
  7. dParacetamol  N02B E01, N02A J06, and N02A J13