Table 4 Descriptive characteristics for six of the eleven subgroups of patients with combinations of clusters

n

332

128

113

231

112

109

Memberships for clusters,

mean % (SD)

Cluster 1: 51 (5)

Cluster 5: 47 (4)

Cluster 1: 29 (5)

Cluster 5: 68 (5)

Cluster 1: 35 (5)

Cluster 5: 54 (6)

Cluster 1: 67 (6)

Cluster 6: 31 (6)

Cluster 1: 48 (4)

Cluster 6: 46 (4)

Cluster 1: 31 (5)

Cluster 6: 52 (5)

Sex (female), n (%)

179 (54)

79 (62)

45 (40)

133 (58)

67 (60)

65 (60)

Age (in years), median (IQR)

69 (22.3)

71 (21.7)

71 (19.2)

69 (17.9)

69 (15.9)

70 (16.6)

Medical specialties involved, median (IQR)

3 (2)

4 (2)

5 (3)

3 (1)

4 (1)

5 (1)

Outpatient visits, median (IQR)

5 (4)

6 (3)

7 (6)

6 (4)

7 (5)

9 (6)

ED visits, median (IQR)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (1)

0 (0)

0 (1)

1 (1)

Inpatient days, median (IQR)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (3)

0 (0)

0 (6)

0 (8)

Diagnoses, median (IQR)

3 (2)

4 (1)

5 (3)

4 (1)

4 (1)

6 (2)

Top 5 specialties (% involved)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Neurology (100)

3. Ophthalmology (26)

4. Surgeon (17)

5. Otorhinolaryngology (17)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Neurology (100)

3. Orthopedic surgery (76)

4. Anesthesiology (20)

5. Physiatry (18)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Neurology (100)

3. Cardiology (66)

4. Ophthalmology (31)

5. General surgery (26)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Internal medicine (100)

3. Ophthalmology (35)

4. General surgery (30)

5. Urology (16)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Internal medicine (100)

3. General surgery (48)

4. Pulmonology (27)

5. Ophthalmology (22)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. Internal medicine (100)

3. Ophthalmology (58)

4. General surgery (42)

5. Neurology (34)

Top 10 diagnoses (%)

1. Other skin disorders (39)

2. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (38)

3. Other nervous system disorders (26)

4. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (19)

5. Other inflammatory condition of skin (18)

6. Conditions associated with dizziness or vertigo (11)

7. Headache; including migraine (10)

8. Parkinson's disease (9)

9. Other ear and sense organ disorders (8)

10. Cataract (8)

1. Other skin disorders (41)

2. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (38)

3. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (32)

4. Other nervous system disorders (30)

5. Osteoarthritis (30)

6. Residual codes; unclassified (24)

7. Other connective tissue disease (23)

8. Other inflammatory condition of skin (20)

9. Conditions associated with dizziness or vertigo (9)

10. Headache; including migraine (7)

1. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (39)

2. Other nervous system disorders (32)

3. Other skin disorders (31)

4. Other inflammatory condition of skin (26)

5. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (21)

6. Residual codes; unclassified (19)

7. Nonspecific chest pain (16)

8. Other eye disorders (13)

9. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (12)

10. Other connective tissue disease (12)

1. Other skin disorders (35)

2. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (34)

3. Other inflammatory condition of skin (26)

4. Cancer of breast (12)

5. Residual codes; unclassified (11)

6. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (11)

7. Osteoporosis (10)

8. Cataract (9)

9. Diabetes mellitus with complications (9)

10. Chronic kidney disease (8)

1. Other skin disorders (27)

2. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (27)

3. Other inflammatory condition of skin (21)

4. Residual codes; unclassified (16)

5. Other and unspecified benign neoplasm (13)

6. Osteoporosis (12)

7. Phlebitis; thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism (10)

8. Allergic reactions (9)

9. Asthma (9)

10. Cancer of breast (8)

1. Other skin disorders (32)

2. Other inflammatory condition of skin (28)

3. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (27)

4. Residual codes; unclassified (22)

5. Cataract (18)

6. Diabetes mellitus with complications (17)

7. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (16)

8. Other eye disorders (15)

9. Other nervous system disorders (11)

10. Other and unspecified benign neoplasm (11)