Table 3 Descriptive characteristics for five subgroups of patients with a dominant membership (60-80%) to one cluster

n

319

162

207

107

259

Membership for dominant cluster, mean % (SD)

Cluster 2: 75 (4)

Cluster 3: 74 (5)

Cluster 4: 75 (4)

Cluster 5: 75 (5)

Cluster 6: 73 (5)

Sex (female), n (%)

164 (51)

86 (53)

104 (50)

54 (50)

152 (59)

Age (in years), median (IQR)

74 (20.1)

71 (16.4)

73 (15.0)

70 (20.7)

68 (17.8)

Medical specialties involved, median (IQR)

3 (1)

5 (2)

7 (2)

5 (2)

5 (1)

Outpatient visits, median (IQR)

6 (3)

9 (5)

12 (7)

8 (5)

9 (6)

ED visits, median (IQR)

0 (1)

1 (1)

1 (2)

0 (1)

1 (2)

Inpatient days, median (IQR)

0 (2)

0 (6)

9 (21)

0 (7)

3 (11)

Diagnoses, median (IQR)

4 (2)

6 (2)

9 (4)

6 (3)

6 (2)

Top 5 specialties (% involved)

1. Cardiology (65)

2. Ophthalmology (65)

3. General surgery (32)

4. Urology (24)

5. Physiatry (24)

1. Pulmonology (100)

2. Cardiology (75)

3. General surgery (55)

4. Neurology (41)

5. Ophthalmology (33)

1. Cardiology (100)

2. Internal medicine (100)

3. Neurology (51)

4. Orthopedic surgery (51)

5. Pulmonology (43)

1. Neurology (100)

2. Cardiology (56)

3. General surgery (42)

4. Ophthalmology (38)

5. Pulmonology (34)

1. Internal medicine (100)

2. Pulmonology (68)

3. Neurology (55)

4. General surgery (52)

5. Ophthalmology (45)

Top 10 diagnoses (%)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (36)

2. Cataract (24)

3. Other connective tissue disease (19)

4. Other eye disorders (18)

5. Other circulatory disease (16)

6. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (13)

7. Other nervous system disorders (13)

8. Cardiac dysrhythmias (12)

9. Retinal detachments; defects; vascular occlusion; and retinopathy (11)

10. Other non-traumatic joint disorders (11)

1. Other nervous system disorders (30)

2. Residual codes; unclassified (27)

3. Asthma (23)

4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis (23)

5. Other circulatory disease (22)

6. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (15)

7. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (15)

8. Cardiac dysrhythmias (15)

9. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (14)

10. Other skin disorders (13)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (43)

2. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (27)

3. Other circulatory disease (26)

4. Cardiac dysrhythmias (26)

5. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (25)

6. Other nervous system disorders (24)

7. Other aftercare (18)

8. Other upper respiratory disease (15)

9. Other connective tissue disease (15)

10. Diabetes mellitus with complications (14)

1. Other nervous system disorders (35)

2. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (33)

3. Residual codes; unclassified (30)

4. Other connective tissue disease (17)

5. Other eye disorders (15)

6. Other circulatory disease (14)

7. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (12)

8. Cardiac dysrhythmias (11)

9. Acute cerebrovascular disease (10)

10. Delirium dementia and amnestic and other cognitive disorders (10)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (29)

2. Other nervous system disorders (27)

3. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (17)

4. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (17)

5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis (14)

6. Osteoarthritis (14)

7. Asthma (14)

8. Pneumonia (except that caused by tuberculosis or sexually transmitted disease) (13)

9. Diabetes mellitus with complications (13)

10. Other eye disorders (12)