Table 2 Descriptive characteristics for six subgroups of patients with a full membership (≥80%) to one cluster

n

3128

3620

2512

2664

2643

3161

Membership for cluster, mean % (SD)

Cluster 1: 97 (5)

Cluster 2: 93 (5)

Cluster 3: 97 (5)

Cluster 4: 95 (5)

Cluster 5: 97 (4)

Cluster 6: 95 (5)

Sex (female), n (%)

1767 (56)

2198 (61)

1260 (50)

1237 (46)

1548 (59)

1909 (60)

Age (in years), median (IQR)

69 (21.3)

66 (23.2)

67 (17.9)

73 (16.2)

63 (23.5)

65 (19.7)

Medical specialties involved, median (IQR)

2 (1)

2 (1)

3 (2)

4 (2)

3 (2)

3 (2)

Outpatient visits, median (IQR)

4 (3)

4 (3)

5 (4)

7 (6)

5 (3)

5 (4)

ED visits, median (IQR)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (1)

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (1)

Inpatient days, median (IQR)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (2)

3 (11)

0 (0)

0 (3)

Diagnoses, median (IQR)

3 (1)

3 (2)

3 (1)

5 (3)

3 (2)

3 (1)

Top 5 specialties (% involved)

1. Dermatology (100)

2. General surgery (24)

3. Plastic surgery (20)

4. Cardiology (17)

5. Ophthalmology (17)

1. General surgery (34)

2. Orthopedic surgery (32)

3. Otorhinolaryngology (32)

4. Cardiology (31)

5. Gynecology (23)

1. Pulmonology (100)

2. Cardiology (51)

3. Otorhinolaryngology (31)

4. Ophthalmology (19)

5. General surgery (18)

1. Internal medicine (100)

2. Cardiology (100)

3. General surgery (36)

4. Pulmonology (34)

5. Ophthalmology (33)

1. Neurology (100)

2. Orthopedic surgery (27)

3. Cardiology (23)

4. General surgery (22)

5. Otorhinolaryngology (18)

1. Internal medicine (100)

2. General surgery (40)

3. Ophthalmology (29)

4. Pulmonology (21)

5. Gastroenterology (18)

Top 10 diagnoses (%)

1. Other non-epithelial cancer of skin (51)

2. Other skin disorders (32)

3. Other inflammatory condition of skin (18)

4. Malignant neoplasm without specification of site (17)

5. Residual codes; unclassified (10)

6. Other connective tissue disease (8)

7. Other ear and sense organ disorders (7)

8. Melanomas of skin (7)

9. Cataract (6)

10. Osteoarthritis (5)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (20)

2. Other connective tissue disease (17)

3. Other ear and sense organ disorders (16)

4. Other circulatory disease (11)

5. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (10)

6. Other gastrointestinal disorders (8)

7. Other non-traumatic joint disorders (8)

8. Other female genital disorders (8)

9. Osteoarthritis (7)

10. Other nervous system disorders (7)

1. Other nervous system disorders (28)

2. Asthma (26)

3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis (26)

4. Other upper respiratory disease (19)

5. Other circulatory disease (15)

6. Residual codes; unclassified (13)

7. Cardiac dysrhythmias (10)

8. Other lower respiratory disease (9)

9. Nonspecific chest pain (8)

10. Other connective tissue disease (8)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (31)

2. Other circulatory disease (25)

3. Congestive heart failure; non-hypertensive (17)

4. Cardiac dysrhythmias (17)

5. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (17)

6. Diabetes mellitus with complications (16)

7. Other aftercare (16)

8. Chronic kidney disease (13)

9. Nonspecific chest pain (13)

10. Other nervous system disorders (12)

1. Other nervous system disorders (32)

2. Spondylosis; intervertebral disc disorders; other back problems (27)

3. Other connective tissue disease (20)

4. Residual codes; unclassified (18)

5. Conditions associated with dizziness or vertigo (11)

6. Headache; including migraine (11)

7. Other ear and sense organ disorders (10)

8. Other non-traumatic joint disorders (9)

9. Other circulatory disease (8)

10. Parkinson's disease (7)

1. Residual codes; unclassified (14)

2. Diabetes mellitus with complications (12)

3. Cancer of breast (10)

4. Other screening for suspected conditions (not mental disorders or infectious disease) (9)

5. Other nervous system disorders (9)

6. Osteoporosis (8)

7. Other connective tissue disease (8)

8. Thyroid disorders (7)

9. Chronic kidney disease (7)

10. Other gastrointestinal disorders (7)