Table 4 Overview of measurements used in the included studies of empowerment intervention
Measures | Number of studies (n) | Study citations |
|---|---|---|
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) | ||
Empowerment measures | ||
Diabetes Empowerment scale (short form) (DES-SF) | 7 | Akturan et al., 2017 [38]; Almeida et al., 2019 [39]; Young et al., 2020 [78], Cheng et al. 2018 [45], Macedo et al., 2017 [62], Souza et al. 2017 [70], dos Santos et al. 2017 [68] |
Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) | 2 | Zamanzadeh et al., 2017 [79], Visser et al., 2018 [77] (Dutch DES-20), |
Empowerment Scale | 1 | Hsiao et al., 2016 [58] |
the Family Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) questions | 1 | Vahedian-Azimi et al., 2016 [75] |
Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL) | 1 | Zoun et al. 2019 [80] |
Construct Empowering Scale Outcomes (CEO) | 1 | Admiraal et al. 2017 [37] |
Empowerment Questionnaire | 1 | Fardazar et al. 2018 [56] |
Total number of measures / studies | 7/ 14 | |
Self-Management / Self-care measures | ||
Self-care Questionnaire (EMS) | 4 | Macedo et al., 2017 [62], Souza et al. 2017 [70], Cortez et al. 2017 [49], Hsiao et al. 2016 [58], |
Empowerment Program for Self-management (EPSM) | 1 | Shin et al. 2016 [69] |
the Chinese Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire | 1 | Sit et al., 2016 [71] |
Self-Management Behavior | 1 | Cheng et al., 2018 [45] |
the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure (SDSCA) | 1 | van Puffelen et al. 2019 [76] |
Total number of measures / studies | 5 / 8 | |
Quality of life measures | ||
Diabetes Quality of Life (QOL) measures | 3 | Dehghan et al., 2017 [51], Lavesen et al., 2016 [60]; Tabari et al., 2018 [72] |
Audit Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) | 1 | Cheng et al. 2018 [45] |
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) | 1 | Admiraal et al., 2017 [37] |
Breast cancer specific QOL (QLQ-BR-23) | 1 | Admiraal et al. 2017 [37] |
the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) | 1 | Zoun et al. 2019 [80] |
Health Related Quality of Life EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L), | 1 | Doupis et al., 2019 [53] |
EORTC-QLQ- C30 and the EORTC-BR23 | 1 | Visser et al. 2018 [77] |
Total number of measures / studies | 7 / 9 | |
Self-efficacy measures | ||
the Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES) | 2 | |
The Standard Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) | 1 | Aslani et al. 2019 [41] |
Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) | 1 | Chen, Chen, Xiangyu, et al. 2018 [43] |
Cooper Smith’s Adult Self-esteem questionnaire | 1 | Dehghan et al. 2018 [52] |
the Sherer’s Self-efficacy Scale | 1 | Hourzad et al.,2018 [57] |
Diabetes Self-efficacy Questionnaires | 1 | Moein et al. 2017 [64] |
Total number of measures / studies | 6 / 7 | |
Distress/Anxiety measures | ||
Dutch Distress Scale (DDS) | 1 | Admiraal et al. 2017 [37] |
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) | 1 | Zoun et al. 2019 [80] |
Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) | 1 | Cheng et al. 2018 [45] |
The perceived stress Questionnaire | 1 | Vahedian-Azimi et al. 2016 [75] |
State and Trait Anxiety questionnaires | 1 | Vahedian-Azimi et al. 2016 [75] |
Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) | 1 | Visser et al. 2018 [77] |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PhQ-9) | 3 | Naik et al. 2019 [21], Zoun et al. 2019 [80], Young, 2020 [78] |
Total number of measures / studies | 7 / 9 | |
Health issues/Treatment related measures | ||
The Barthel Index (BI), (Functional assessment) | 1 | Chen, Chen, Xiangyu, et al. 2018 [43] |
the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) | 1 | Li et al. 2020 [19] |
User Attitudes (ATT) | 1 | Cortez et al. 2017 [49] |
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ / DTSQc) | 1 | Doupis et al. 2019 [53] |
Foot Care Behavior Checklist | 1 | Fardazar et al. 2018 [56] |
the Periodontal Treatment Need Index (CPI) | 1 | Cinar et al. 2018 [48] |
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) | 1 | Vahedian-Azimi et al. 2016 [75] |
Total number of measures / studies | 7 / 7 | |
Illness perception | ||
Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) | 1 | Rahimi Kordshooli et al., 2018 [59] |
the Resilience Scale for Adults | 1 | Üzar-Özetin et al., 2019 [74] |
Antonovsky Sence of Coherence (SOC) Questionnaires | 2 | |
The Symptom checklist -90 (SCL-90) | 1 | Visser et al. 2018 [77] |
Total number of measures / studies | 4 / 5 | |
Other PROMS | ||
Diabetes Knowledge,Questionnaire (DKN) | 1 | Cortez et al. 2017 [49] |
Post Traumatic Growth Inventory | 1 | Üzar-Özetin et al., 2019 [74] |
Morinsky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), | 1 | Doupis et al. 2019 [53] |
the Visual Analogue Scale (EQVAS) | 1 | Doupis et al. 2019 [53] |
Total number of measures / studies | 4 / 4 | |
Total PROMS | 46 | |
Biochemical measures | ||
HbA1C | 11 | Macedo et al., 2017 [62], Cortez et al. 2017 [49], Chen et al., 2018 [43], Cinar et al. 2018 [48], Doupis et al. 2019 [53], Ebrahimi et al. 2016 [54], Lenjawi et al. 2017 [61], Naik et al. 2019 [21], Ramli et al. 2016 [66], dos Santos et al. 2017 [68], Theeranut et al. 2018 [73] |
Fasting and non-fasting Blood Sugars | 1 | Ebrahimi et al. 2016 [54] |
Total Cholesterol / Cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c) | 4 | Doupis et al. 2019 [53], Ebrahimi et al. 2016 [54], Ramli et al. 2016 [66], Theeranut et al., 2018 [73] |
Triglycerides | 2 | |
High and low density lipoproteins | 3 | Cortez et al. 2017 [49], Ebrahimi et al. 2016 [54], Ramli et al. 2016 [66] |
Lipid profile/albumin/creatinine ratio | 1 | Lenjawi et al. 2017 [61] |
Total number of measures / studies | 6 / 22 | |
Anthropometric measurements | ||
Waist Circumference | 1 | Ramli et al. 2016 [66] |
Body Mass Index | 3 | Lenjawi et al. 2017 [61], Ramli et al. 2016 [66], Theeranut et al., 2018 [73] |
Blood Pressure | 3 | Lenjawi et al. 2017 [61], Ramli et al. 2016 [66], Doupis et al. 2019 [53] |
Total number of measurements / studies | 3/7 | |
Functional testing | ||
Six Minute Walking Test | 1 | Maryam et al. 2017 [63] |
the Burg Test | 1 | Maryam et al. 2017 [63] |
Total number of functional tests / studies | 2/2 | |