Fig. 5

Risk of Bias Domains for cluster randomized studies using Rob2 tool. Domains: D1: bias arising from the randomization process, D1b: Bias arising from the timing of identification and recruitment of individual participants in relation to the timing of randomization. D2: bias due to deviations from the intended intervention, D3: bias due to missing outcome data, D4: bias in the measurement of the outcome, and D5: bias in the selection of the reported result. Red (x) = high risk of bias; Yellow (-) = unknown risk of bias; Green ( +) = low risk of bias