| Pre-COVID-19 (n = 95) | First COVID-19 wave (n = 130) | Second COVID-19 wave (n = 104) | Total (n = 329) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative characteristics | |||||
 Bereaved relative | 25 (26.3) | 39 (30.0) | 26 (25.0) | 90 (27.4) | 0.674 |
 Kinship to patient |  |  |  |  | 0.571 |
  Partner | 49 (51.6) | 72 (55.4) | 51 (49.0) | 172 (52.3) |  |
  Child | 27 (28.4) | 41 (31.5) | 37 (35.6) | 105 (31.9) |  |
  Other | 19 (20.0) | 17 (13.1) | 16 (15.4) | 52 (15.8) |  |
 Gendera |  |  |  |  | 0.047 |
  Man | 36 (37.9) | 31 (24.0) | 25 (24.3) | 92 (28.1) |  |
  Woman | 59 (62.1) | 98 (76.0) | 77 (74.8) | 234 (71.6) |  |
  Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) |  |
 Age |  |  |  |  | 0.121 |
   < 30 years | 2 (2.1) | 5 (3.8) | 6 (5.8) | 13 (4.0) |  |
  30–50 years | 25 (26.3) | 38 (29.2) | 38 (36.5) | 101 (30.7) |  |
  51–65 years | 38 (40.0) | 56 (43.1) | 45 (43.3) | 139 (42.2) |  |
  66 years or older | 30 (31.6) | 31 (23.8) | 15 (14.4) | 76 (23.1) |  |
 Level of educationa |  |  |  |  | 0.088 |
  None | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.9) | 6 (1.9) |  |
  Low | 14 (14.9) | 26 (20.5) | 16 (15.5) | 56 (17.3) |  |
  Medium | 44 (46.8) | 50 (39.4) | 54 (52.4) | 148 (45.7) |  |
  High | 34 (36.2) | 51 (40.2) | 29 (28.2) | 114 (35.2) |  |
 Cultural backgrounde |  |  |  |  |  |
  Dutch | 91 (95.8) | 124 (95.4) | 86 (82.7) | 301 (91.5) |  < 0.001 |
  Otherb | 5 (5.3) | 12 (9.2) | 22 (21.2) | 39 (11.9) | 0.001 |
 COVID-19 during ICU admission | 0c | 54 (42.2) | 39 (37.5) | 93 (40.1)d | 0.535 |
Patient characteristics | |||||
 Gender |  |  |  |  | 0.017 |
  Man | 54 (56.8) | 95 (74.8) | 72 (69.2) | 221 (67.8) |  |
  Woman | 41 (43.2) | 32 (25.2) | 32 (30.8) | 105 (32.2) |  |
 Agea |  |  |  |  | 0.152 |
   < 30 years | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (1.2) |  |
  30–50 years | 7 (7.4) | 12 (9.2) | 11 (10.6) | 30 (9.1) |  |
  51–65 years | 36 (37.9) | 52 (40.0) | 45 (43.3) | 133 (40.4) |  |
  66 years or older | 51 (53.7) | 65 (50.0) | 46 (44.2) | 162 (49.2) |  |
 ICU length of stay |  |  |  |  | 0.241 |
  3–5 days | 7 (7.4) | 5 (3.8) | 2 (1.9) | 14 (4.3) |  |
  5–10 days | 34 (35.8) | 36 (27.7) | 38 (36.5) | 108 (32.8) |  |
  11–20 days | 25 (26.3) | 46 (35.4) | 37 (35.6) | 108 (32.8) |  |
   > 20 days | 29 (30.5) | 43 (33.1) | 27 (26.0) | 99 (30.1) |  |
 Transferred to/from another ICU | 16 (17.0) | 59 (45.1) | 29 (27.9) | 104 (31.7) |  < 0.001 |