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Table 2 Relative and patient demographic characteristics (absolute numbers and rounded percentages)

From: Support for relatives in the intensive care unit: lessons from a cross-sectional multicentre cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Pre-COVID-19 (n = 95)

First COVID-19 wave (n = 130)

Second COVID-19 wave (n = 104)

Total (n = 329)

p-value

Relative characteristics

 Bereaved relative

25 (26.3)

39 (30.0)

26 (25.0)

90 (27.4)

0.674

 Kinship to patient

    

0.571

  Partner

49 (51.6)

72 (55.4)

51 (49.0)

172 (52.3)

 

  Child

27 (28.4)

41 (31.5)

37 (35.6)

105 (31.9)

 

  Other

19 (20.0)

17 (13.1)

16 (15.4)

52 (15.8)

 

 Gendera

    

0.047

  Man

36 (37.9)

31 (24.0)

25 (24.3)

92 (28.1)

 

  Woman

59 (62.1)

98 (76.0)

77 (74.8)

234 (71.6)

 

  Other

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

1 (0.3)

 

 Age

    

0.121

   < 30 years

2 (2.1)

5 (3.8)

6 (5.8)

13 (4.0)

 

  30–50 years

25 (26.3)

38 (29.2)

38 (36.5)

101 (30.7)

 

  51–65 years

38 (40.0)

56 (43.1)

45 (43.3)

139 (42.2)

 

  66 years or older

30 (31.6)

31 (23.8)

15 (14.4)

76 (23.1)

 

 Level of educationa

    

0.088

  None

2 (2.1)

0 (0)

4 (3.9)

6 (1.9)

 

  Low

14 (14.9)

26 (20.5)

16 (15.5)

56 (17.3)

 

  Medium

44 (46.8)

50 (39.4)

54 (52.4)

148 (45.7)

 

  High

34 (36.2)

51 (40.2)

29 (28.2)

114 (35.2)

 

 Cultural backgrounde

     

  Dutch

91 (95.8)

124 (95.4)

86 (82.7)

301 (91.5)

 < 0.001

  Otherb

5 (5.3)

12 (9.2)

22 (21.2)

39 (11.9)

0.001

 COVID-19 during ICU admission

0c

54 (42.2)

39 (37.5)

93 (40.1)d

0.535

Patient characteristics

 Gender

    

0.017

  Man

54 (56.8)

95 (74.8)

72 (69.2)

221 (67.8)

 

  Woman

41 (43.2)

32 (25.2)

32 (30.8)

105 (32.2)

 

 Agea

    

0.152

   < 30 years

1 (1.1)

1 (0.8)

2 (1.9)

4 (1.2)

 

  30–50 years

7 (7.4)

12 (9.2)

11 (10.6)

30 (9.1)

 

  51–65 years

36 (37.9)

52 (40.0)

45 (43.3)

133 (40.4)

 

  66 years or older

51 (53.7)

65 (50.0)

46 (44.2)

162 (49.2)

 

 ICU length of stay

    

0.241

  3–5 days

7 (7.4)

5 (3.8)

2 (1.9)

14 (4.3)

 

  5–10 days

34 (35.8)

36 (27.7)

38 (36.5)

108 (32.8)

 

  11–20 days

25 (26.3)

46 (35.4)

37 (35.6)

108 (32.8)

 

   > 20 days

29 (30.5)

43 (33.1)

27 (26.0)

99 (30.1)

 

 Transferred to/from another ICU

16 (17.0)

59 (45.1)

29 (27.9)

104 (31.7)

 < 0.001

  1. Missing values: gender relative 2, education 5, COVID-19 2, gender patient 3, transfer 1
  2. aFisher’s exact test instead of chi-squared test, because > 20% of the cells had expected count of less than 5
  3. be.g. Surinamese and Moroccan
  4. cvalue assumed because of pre-COVID-19
  5. dtotal calculated based on groups with valid data on this variable
  6. emultiple answers possible