Relationship between three aspects of resilience—adaptive characteristics, withstanding stress, and bouncing back—in hospital workers exposed to prolonged occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study

Table 1 Characteristics of the sample

Demographic	T1 n = 538	T2 n = 485	T3 n = 424	T4 n = 409	T5 n = 395	T6 n = 372	T7 n = 350
Occupation Type^a
Nurses & nursing students	134	118	98	100	95	89	84
Other clinical professionals	156	136	129	114	117	112	102
Other clinical personnel	90	85	69	69	65	59	59
Non-clinical personnel	158	146	128	126	118	112	105
Gender (missing 1 – all time-points)
Female	422	385	358	341	326	311	291
Male	85	71	60	57	62	54	51
Other/Prefer not to say	30	28	5	10	6	6	7
Age
Mean (SD)	38.5 (11.9)	38.5 (12.0)	39.2 (11.6)	38.8 (11.6)	39.1 (11.5)	39.2 (11.2)	39.1 (11.4)
Range	18–76	18–76	18–76	18–76	18–76	18–75	18–75
Ethnic Group (missing 1 – T1, T2, T4)
African/Black	30	25	19	19	14	15	14
Asian	148	132	118	120	117	113	105
East Indian	35	32	28	27	28	24	25
European/White	278	254	223	209	202	189	174
Hispanic	15	12	7	6	6	6	5
Other/Mixed/Multiple	31	29	29	27	28	25	27

Other clinical professionals: Physician, resident, dietician, occupational therapist, social worker, physiotherapist, manager of clinical area, speech language pathologist, pharmacist, respiratory therapist, spiritual care practitioner
Other clinical positions: Administrative assistant, medical imaging technologist, manager, retail employee, clerk, porter, research staff, assistant to physician/occupational therapist/physiotherapist, housekeeper, administrator, volunteer
Non-clinical positions: Research scientist, research staff, laboratory technician, corporate and administrative staff, administrative assistant, volunteer, manager of non-clinical area, building services staff, clerk, laboratory technologist, housekeeper, retail employee
^aSpecific job types, in descending order of number of participants based on results at T1. Groups with two or fewer members not listed. Some roles appear in both clinical and non-clinical lists as determined by patient contact as described by participant

ISSN: 1472-6963