Staff perspectives on the influence of patient characteristics on alarm management in the intensive care unit: a cross-sectional survey study

Table 5 Comparison of different deterioration reasons on perspectives for setting alarm thresholds

		COPD	CHD	Seizure	Trauma	Post-CPR
Heart rate	CHD	< 0.001 ^b	N/A	< 0.001 ^a	0.034	0.020
	Seizure	0.193	< 0.001 ^a	N/A	0.071	< 0.001 ^b
	Trauma	0.004	0.034	0.071	N/A	< 0.001 ^a
	Post-CPR	< 0.001 ^b	0.020	< 0.001 ^b	< 0.001 ^a	N/A
	Sepsis	< 0.001 ^b	0.119	< 0.001 ^b	0.001 ^a	0.599
Systolic blood pressure	CHD	< 0.001 ^a	N/A	0.003 ^a	0.552	0.163
	Seizure	0.124	0.003 ^a	N/A	0.020	< 0.001 ^a
	Trauma	< 0.001 ^a	0.552	0.020	N/A	0.026
	Post-CPR	< 0.001 ^b	0.163	< 0.001 ^a	0.026	N/A
	Sepsis	< 0.001 ^a	0.676	0.005	0.329	0.205
SpO₂	CHD	< 0.001 ^c	N/A	0.170	0.004	0.001 ^b
	Seizure	< 0.001 ^c	0.170	N/A	0.063	0.093
	Trauma	< 0.001 ^c	0.004	0.063	N/A	0.744
	Post-CPR	< 0.001 ^c	0.001 ^b	0.093	0.744	N/A
	Sepsis	< 0.001 ^c	0.009	0.460	0.447	0.144
Body temperature	CHD	0.019	N/A	0.531	0.213	< 0.001 ^b
	Seizure	0.330	0.531	N/A	0.016	< 0.001 ^b
	Trauma	0.014	0.213	0.016	N/A	< 0.001 ^b
	Post-CPR	< 0.001 ^c	< 0.001 ^b	< 0.001 ^b	< 0.001 ^b	N/A
	Sepsis	0.029	0.477	0.263	0.426	< 0.001 ^b
Capnometry	CHD	< 0.001 ^c	N/A	0.864	0.073	0.093
	Seizure	< 0.001 ^c	0.864	N/A	0.028	0.164
	Trauma	< 0.001 ^c	0.073	0.028	N/A	0.688
	Post-CPR	< 0.001 ^c	0.093	0.164	0.688	N/A
	Sepsis	< 0.001 ^c	0.279	0.383	0.395	0.507

P values of Wilcoxon signed-rank test with p < 0.003 (Bonferroni correction with n = 15) for the comparison of different deterioration reasons for alarm thresholds of SpO₂, capnometry, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and body temperature. ^a corresponds to small effect magnitude (|d|<0.5 ≙ “small”), ^b to medium effect magnitude (|d|<0.8 ≙ “medium”), and ^c to large effect magnitude (otherwise ≙ “large”). CHD = congestive heart disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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