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Table 3 Difference-in-difference estimates of change in the monthly probability of healthcare consultations in primary healthcare with 95% confidence intervals

From: Migrant background and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental healthcare consultations among children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide registry study

 

Any mental symptom or disorder

Anxiety/depression

ADHD

Sleep disorder

All primary consultations

 

Beta

CI Lower

CI Upper

p

Beta

CI Lower

CI Upper

p

Beta

CI Lower

CI Upper

p

Beta

CI Lower

CI Upper

p

Beta

CI Lower

CI Upper

p

Non-migrants

Lockdown

-22.0

-27.9

-16.0

 < 0.001

-33.1

-43.8

-22.4

 < 0.001

-10.9

-15.8

-5.9

 < 0.001

-9.3

-16.9

-1.7

0.016

-29.1

-32.7

-25.5

0.000

Summer '20

1.9

-4.1

7.9

0.539

-2.8

-13.8

8.2

0.613

6.6

1.4

11.9

0.013

3.2

-4.9

11.4

0.434

1.7

-1.9

5.3

0.351

Fall '20

7.7

1.2

14.3

0.020

0.5

-10.9

11.9

0.928

21.0

15.1

26.9

 < 0.001

13.4

6.1

20.7

 < 0.001

-6.4

-9.4

-3.3

0.000

Winter '21

21.9

15.1

28.6

 < 0.001

18.5

6.5

30.5

0.002

28.7

23.1

34.3

 < 0.001

17.6

10.1

25.0

 < 0.001

-9.2

-12.3

-6.0

0.000

Summer '21

10.8

4.7

17.0

0.001

5.7

-5.1

16.6

0.302

19.0

13.1

24.9

 < 0.001

3.1

-4.1

10.2

0.400

-1.7

-4.8

1.5

0.297

Fall '21

14.8

7.3

22.4

 < 0.001

8.0

-5.5

21.6

0.245

32.1

25.7

38.5

 < 0.001

0.0

-8.0

8.0

0.996

11.4

7.7

15.1

0.000

Migrants

Lockdown

-35.6

-42.7

-28.6

 < 0.001

-39.8

-51.1

-28.6

 < 0.001

-16.1

-37.7

5.5

0.144

-18.0

-34.3

-1.6

0.031

-38.3

-40.8

-35.7

0.000

Summer '20

-3.2

-10.2

3.8

0.369

-7.6

-19.1

3.9

0.195

7.0

-14.9

28.8

0.532

-9.3

-23.9

5.2

0.209

-4.9

-7.4

-2.3

0.000

Fall '20

-5.4

-13.0

2.2

0.167

-11.5

-24.0

1.1

0.073

37.8

13.8

61.9

0.002

-20.0

-35.9

-4.0

0.014

-19.4

-21.8

-17.0

 < 0.001

Winter '21

3.7

-4.0

11.3

0.348

8.2

-4.4

20.8

0.202

37.7

13.8

61.5

0.002

-17.9

-34.3

-1.4

0.033

-18.0

-20.7

-15.4

 < 0.001

Summer '21

0.4

-6.5

7.4

0.900

-2.5

-13.9

8.9

0.671

36.4

12.5

60.3

0.003

-11.9

-27.1

3.4

0.128

-4.2

-6.7

-1.7

0.001

Fall '21

1.2

-7.4

9.9

0.778

3.1

-11.7

17.8

0.684

55.6

27.8

83.5

 < 0.001

-22.4

-38.6

-6.2

0.007

-0.3

-3.1

2.4

0.818

Descendants

Lockdown

-23.8

-32.8

-14.9

 < 0.001

-34.0

-53.3

-14.7

0.001

-16.6

-36.4

3.1

0.098

-19.3

-39.5

1.0

0.062

-29.8

-32.8

-26.9

 < 0.001

Summer '20

7.7

-1.2

16.7

0.090

-2.3

-21.3

16.8

0.816

16.9

-4.5

38.3

0.122

2.7

-17.0

22.3

0.788

-0.5

-3.2

2.3

0.750

Fall '20

-4.6

-14.0

4.7

0.334

-19.4

-39.5

0.7

0.058

13.4

-8.0

34.8

0.220

-22.6

-41.8

-3.3

0.022

-16.8

-19.4

-14.3

 < 0.001

Winter '21

17.1

7.7

26.5

 < 0.001

24.6

3.0

46.2

0.025

44.2

22.8

65.5

 < 0.001

1.4

-19.1

22.0

0.891

-16.4

-19.2

-13.6

 < 0.001

Summer '21

8.3

-0.9

17.4

0.076

3.7

-16.4

23.9

0.716

27.2

6.9

47.6

0.009

7.9

-9.7

25.5

0.380

-0.8

-3.6

1.9

0.565

Fall '21

1.8

-8.9

12.4

0.746

-0.8

-24.0

22.5

0.947

35.6

11.9

59.3

0.003

-11.5

-31.8

8.8

0.265

7.4

4.2

10.7

 < 0.001

  1. Results from difference-in-differences models, estimated separately by migrant background. Coefficients and confidence intervals are scaled to the pre-lockdown level in the main sample (see Table 1). The outcome is the monthly propensity of having at least one consultation of the given type. Diagnoses are based on IPCD codes Chapter P (see Table 2). For the comparison sample, all measurements are taken 24 months earlier. Models control for duration in years, sex, municipality, month, age category and easter holiday. Bold is added to emphasize statistically significant estimates (p < 0.05)