Table 1 Planning stages and decision-making options for each stage (according to programs included in the scoping review)

1. Identify the target population for the program

General population:

Broad reach to capture all those potentially affected by non-medical needs

[43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101]

Specific population:

E.g., relating to diagnosis, health behaviour (e.g., smoking, physical activity), or specific at-risk population with specific non-medical needs

[9, 39,40,41,42, 60, 68, 96, 102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185]

2. Determine the non-medical needs the program will address

General non-medical needs:

Encompassing the wide range of social determinants and behavioural health

[9, 39, 40, 42,43,44,45, 48,49,50, 52, 53, 55,56,57,58,59,60, 62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89, 91, 92, 94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102, 106, 109, 111, 114, 116,117,118,119,120,121, 124,125,126, 130, 132, 134,135,136, 138,139,140, 142, 144,145,146,147,148,149, 153, 156, 158,159,160,161,162,163, 166, 167, 169,170,171,172,173,174, 176, 180,181,182,183, 185]

Specific non-medical needs:

E.g., sedentary lifestyle, homelessness, food insecurity, etc

[41, 46, 51, 54, 61, 90, 93, 96, 103,104,105, 107, 108, 110, 112, 113, 115, 122, 123, 127,128,129, 131, 133, 137, 141, 143, 146, 150,151,152, 154, 155, 157, 164, 165, 168, 175, 177,178,179, 184]

3. Identify appropriate non-medical services and supports

Personal knowledge (of Link Worker/ Other role)

[39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56,57,58,59,60, 62, 63, 65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74, 76, 80, 82, 84,85,86,87, 89, 91, 96, 98, 99, 112, 120, 124, 126, 130, 134, 135, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 149, 153, 156, 159, 161, 165, 172, 180,181,182]

Service mapping

[9, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 51, 53,54,55, 61, 64, 68, 75, 77,78,79, 81, 83, 88, 90, 92,93,94,95, 97, 100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111, 113,114,115,116,117,118,119, 122, 123, 125, 127,128,129, 131,132,133, 136,137,138, 141, 143, 146,147,148, 150,151,152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 162,163,164, 166,167,168,169,170,171, 173,174,175,176,177,178,179, 183,184,185]

Use of an online service database

[49, 61, 68, 104, 159, 162, 166, 173, 185]

4. Determine the context in which the program will be delivered

Healthcare

[9, 39,40,41, 43,44,45, 47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59, 61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69, 73,74,75,76,77,78, 80, 82, 83, 89, 90, 92,93,94,95,96,97, 99, 101,102,103,104,105,106, 109, 110, 112, 114, 117,118,119, 122, 123, 127,128,129, 131,132,133,134, 136, 137, 141, 143,144,145, 147,148,149,150,151, 153,154,155, 159, 163, 168,169,170, 173,174,175,176, 179,180,181,182,183,184]

Community

[18, 79, 100, 111, 130, 138,139,140, 171]

Online

[79, 100, 111, 138]

Mixed

[42, 46, 55, 60, 70, 71, 81, 84, 87, 88, 91, 98, 107, 108, 113, 115, 116, 120, 124,125,126, 135, 142, 146, 152, 156,157,158, 160, 164,165,166,167, 172, 177, 178, 185]

5. Determine how the program is to be staffed

Existing staff (health/social services/Community-Based Organisation)

[9, 39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74, 76, 78, 80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99, 101, 102, 104,105,106,107,108, 110, 112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137, 139,140,141,142,143,144,145, 147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158, 160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185]

New link worker staff

[9, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52,53,54,55,56, 58,59,60, 62, 63, 65,66,67,68,69,70,71, 73,74,75, 78, 80, 84,85,86,87, 89, 91, 97,98,99, 107, 110, 112, 114, 116,117,118,119,120, 122, 124,125,126, 130, 134,135,136,137, 139, 140, 142,143,144,145, 147,148,149, 151,152,153,154,155,156,157, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 170, 172, 176, 179,180,181,182,183]

Volunteer/student link workers

[40, 48, 57, 77, 95, 101, 103, 109, 120, 130, 135, 139, 159, 169, 183]

5a. Do staff require training?

Yes

[9, 40,41,42, 45, 46, 53, 57,58,59, 66, 68, 69, 72, 76, 77, 83, 85, 87, 91, 95, 103,104,105, 110, 125, 126, 131, 133, 139, 147, 150, 152, 156, 157, 159, 163, 169, 171, 175, 176, 179, 181,182,183]

6. Determine how the program will be funded

Government funding

[9, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 50, 52,53,54,55,56, 58, 59, 63, 66, 68,69,70, 73, 74, 76, 80, 85,86,87, 89, 91, 97, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123, 125, 126, 135,136,137, 140, 143, 149, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 170, 177, 178, 180,181,182]

Charity

[84, 88, 113, 114, 130, 139, 145, 146, 152, 175, 177,178,179, 183]

Other funding sources

[55, 65, 70, 98, 156, 166]

Embed within existing services/funding

[41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 57, 61, 62, 64, 67, 71, 72, 75, 77, 81,82,83, 90, 92,93,94,95,96, 99,100,101,102, 104,105,106, 109, 111, 112, 124, 127,128,129, 131,132,133,134, 138, 141, 142, 144, 147, 148, 155, 159, 162, 165, 167,168,169, 171,172,173,174, 176, 184, 185]