Table 1 Demographic characteristics before and after matching of the users and non-users of Japan's long-term care system

n

197,769

241,461

166,383

166,383

Age, yrs, n (%):

0.077

0.019

  < 75

35,669 (18.0)

42,070 (17.4)

29,808 (17.9)

29,987 (18.0)

 75–79

46,606 (23.6)

51,205 (21.2)

38,374 (23.1)

37,091 (22.3)

 80–84

60,559 (30.6)

73,756 (30.5)

50,723 (30.5)

51,133 (30.7)

  ≥ 85

54,935 (27.8)

74,430 (30.8)

47,478 (28.5)

48,172 (29.0)

Sex, n (%):

0.050

0.037

 Female

128,755 (65.1)

162,954 (67.5)

108,982 (65.5)

111,902 (67.3)

 Male

69,014 (34.9)

78,507 (32.5)

57,401 (34.5)

54,481 (32.7)

Support/Care-need level, n (%):

0.312

0.010

 Support-need level 1

94,032 (47.5)

83,987 (34.8)

73,013 (43.9)

72,288 (43.4)

 Support-need level 2

55,498 (28.1)

67,022 (27.8)

48,394 (29.1)

49,098 (29.5)

 Care-need level 1

48,239 (24.4)

90,452 (37.5)

44,976 (27.0)

44,997 (27.0)

Paralysis, n (%):

0.040

 < 0.001

 Yes

58,437 (29.5)

75,771 (31.4)

49,661 (29.8)

49,669 (29.9)

 No

139,332 (70.5)

165,690 (68.6)

116,722 (70.2)

116,714 (70.1)

Contractures, n (%):

0.020

0.011

 Yes

39,757 (20.1)

50,468 (20.9)

34,036 (20.5)

33,282 (20.0)

 No

158,012 (79.9)

190,993 (79.1)

132,347 (79.5)

133,101 (80.0)

Cognitive disorder, n (%):

0.163

0.001

 Yes

37,679 (19.1)

62,337 (25.8)

34,185 (20.5)

34,105 (20.5)

 No

160,090 (80.9)

179,124 (74.2)

132,198 (79.5)

132,278 (79.5)

Mental or behavioral disorder, n (%):

0.172

0.009

 Yes

75,320 (38.1)

112,410 (46.6)

66,806 (40.2)

67,544 (40.6)

 No

122,449 (61.9)

129,051 (53.4)

99,577 (59.8)

98,839 (59.4)

Medical care received, n (%):

0.055

0.009

 Yes

9,785 ( 4.9)

9,246 ( 3.8)

7,025 ( 4.2)

6,730 ( 4.0)

 No

187,984 (95.1)

232,215 (96.2)

159,358 (95.8)

159,653 (96.0)

Urban–rural classification, n (%):

0.167

—

 Urban

75,358 (38.1)

73,991 (30.6)

58,352 (35.1)

58,352 (35.1)

 Intermediate

62,976 (31.8)

80,510 (33.3)

53,976 (32.4)

53,976 (32.4)

 Rural

59,435 (30.1)

86,960 (36.0)

54,055 (32.5)

54,055 (32.5)

Region, n (%):

0.195

—

 Hokkaido

10,538 ( 5.3)

12,625 ( 5.2)

9,489 ( 5.7)

9,489 ( 5.7)

 Tohoku

13,592 ( 6.9)

19,870 ( 8.2)

12,519 ( 7.5)

12,519 ( 7.5)

 Kanto

54,061 (27.3)

62,465 (25.9)

47,370 (28.5)

47,370 (28.5)

 Chubu

29,458 (14.9)

48,330 (20.0)

28,154 (16.9)

28,154 (16.9)

 Kinki

47,261 (23.9)

43,018 (17.8)

33,419 (20.1)

33,419 (20.1)

 Chugoku/Shikoku

21,935 (11.1)

30,087 (12.5)

20,167 (12.1)

20,167 (12.1)

 Kyushu/Okinawa

20,924 (10.6)

25,066 (10.4)

15,265 ( 9.2)

15,265 ( 9.2)