Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to both groups

Inclusion criteria (on approach):

- Consultation at a group practice or ambulatory emergency department

- Age ≥ 18 years old

- Estimated time left in waiting room ≥ 30 min

Exclusion criteria (at first contact):

- Patient incapable of making decisions about care and therefore unable to write AD

- Patient not showing any interest in the study

- Patient with acute pain at the time of recruitment (to avoid imposing additional burdens on them)

- Patient uncomfortable with using a mobile phone or tablet and without a next of kin who could provide regular help

- Lack of fluency in written and oral French (the app is only available in French)