Table 3 Study outcomes estimating healthcare costs of physical inactivity per year and quality assessment (n = 25)

Econometric approach

A

B

C

Aljadhey 2012 [22]

16.7^{a c}

846

13/18

Aoyagi et al. 2011 [23]

3.7 (+ 5% PA)

126

15/17

Carlson et al. 2015 [24]

26.6

1340

15/18

Chevan et al. 2014 [25]

25.0^{a b}

2431^a b

14/18

Dallmeyer et al. 2020 [26]

14.1^a

42^a

17/18

de Boer et al. 2020 [27]

0.6 (+ 1% PA)

15

16/18

Kalbarczyk et al. 2019 [28]

0.4–1.6^d

No information reported

16/18

Kang et al. 2017 [29]

11.1^a

453^a

14/18

Karl et al. 2018 [30]

None

None

16/18

Min et al. 2016 [31]

11.7^a

106^a

15/18

Peeters et al. 2014 [32]

9.0^a

44^a

16/18

Peeters et al. 2017 [33]

22.2^{a c}

247^a

15/18

Sato et al. 2020 [34]

0.4 (lag 2 years) 1.0 (lag 3 years)

(+ 10% PA)

No information reported

14/19

Yang et al. 2011 [35]

15.5^a

134^a

15/18

Percentage of total healthcare costs related to physical inactivity in physical activity comparison category (%)

Healthcare costs attributed to physical inactivity (€, million)

Score items on checklist(#yes/ #applicable items) [9]

PAF based approach

A

B

C

Amarasinghe 2010 [36]

0.9^a

(+ 10% PA)

4.4

17/18

Ding et al. 2016 [8]

0.6

46,268.0

17/18

In’t Panhuis -Plasmans et al. 2012 [37]

1.8

1542.2

16/18

ISCA/Cebr 2015 [38]

0.7^a

10,212.0

16/18

Janssen 2012 [39]

3.8

2026.0

16/18

Krueger et al. 2015 [40]

1.5^a

2291.1

16/18

Krueger et al. 2016 [41]

1.1^a

244.7

17/18

Maresova 2014 [43]

0.4

48.5

15/18

Market Economics Limited 2013 [44]

4.6

405.2

17/18

Mattli et al. 2019 [42]

1.2

6.3^a

17/18

Scarborough et al. 2012 [45]

1.2^a

1378.9

16/18