Table 2 Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses for total expenditure per case, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality of hospitalized insured patients before and after the DIP reform
Indicators | Baseline monthly slope (β1) | Step change (β2) | Monthly slope change (β3) | Constant (β0) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (95%CI) | P value | Estimate (95%CI) | P value | Estimate (95%CI) | P value | Estimate (95%CI) | P value | |
All hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | -0.006 (-0.009, -0.003) | 0.000 | 0.059 (0.025, 0.093) | 0.001 | 0.011 (0.007, 0.014) | 0.000 | 9.309 (8.296, 10.322) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | -0.052 (-0.074, -0.031) | 0.000 | 0.371 (0.128, 0.615) | 0.004 | 0.009 (-0.017, 0.037) | 0.492 | -1.707 (-10.943, 7.528) | 0.709 |
In-hospital mortality rate | -0.009 (-0.020, 0.002) | 0.091 | 0.016 (-0.107, 0.140) | 0.788 | -0.003 (-0.015, 0.009) | 0.622 | -6.910 (-10.687, -3.133) | 0.001 |
Hospital ownership | ||||||||
Public hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | -0.006 (-0.009, -0.003) | 0.000 | 0.056 (0.021, 0.092) | 0.003 | 0.011 (0.008, 0.014) | 0.000 | 9.690 (8.757, 10.623) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | -0.060 (-0.079, -0.042) | 0.000 | 0.309 (0.060, 0.558) | 0.016 | 0.022 (0.001, 0.043) | 0.041 | -1.163 (-8.101, 5.775) | 0.736 |
In-hospital mortality rate | -0.011 (-0.020, -0.002) | 0.017 | -0.017 (-0.129, 0.095) | 0.766 | 0.001 (-0.009, 0.010) | 0.901 | -6.787 (-9.621, -3.953) | 0.000 |
Private hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | 0.003 (0.000, 0.007) | 0.038 | 0.020 (-0.118, 0.157) | 0.773 | -0.003 (-0.010, 0.003) | 0.322 | 8.601 (7.599, 9.602) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | 0.053 (-0.007, 0.113) | 0.084 | 0.624 (-2.791, 4.039) | 0.713 | -0.141 (-0.290, 0.008) | 0.062 | -9.917 (-37.460, 17.627) | 0.469 |
In-hospital mortality rate | 0.005 (-0.019, 0.028) | 0.697 | -0.236 (-1.183, 0.712) | 0.617 | -0.083 (-0.133, -0.032) | 0.002 | 1.589 (-4.179, 7.357) | 0.579 |
Hospital level | ||||||||
Tertiary hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | -0.002 (-0.005, -0.000) | 0.033 | 0.074 (0.036, 0.113) | 0.000 | 0.006 (0.004, 0.008) | 0.000 | 9.597 (8.326, 10.869) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | -0.050 (-0.068, -0.032) | 0.000 | 0.051 (-0.254, 0.355) | 0.737 | -0.013 (-0.032, 0.005) | 0.165 | 4.974 (-4.817, 14.764) | 0.309 |
In-hospital mortality rate | -0.009 (-0.015, -0.003) | 0.006 | 0.034 (-0.087, 0.154) | 0.573 | -0.003 (-0.010, 0.005) | 0.452 | -7.106 (-12.306, -1.906) | 0.009 |
Secondary hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | -0.000 (-0.002, 0.001) | 0.899 | -0.049 (-0.092, -0.007) | 0.025 | 0.004 (0.000, 0.008) | 0.047 | 7.807 (7.328, 8.286) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | -0.005 (-0.033, 0.023) | 0.729 | 0.296 (-0.433, 1.025) | 0.414 | -0.048 (-0.105, 0.009) | 0.095 | 12.784 (5.292, 20.276) | 0.001 |
In-hospital mortality rate | 0.005 (-0.006, 0.015) | 0.349 | -0.144 (-0.416, 0.129) | 0.291 | -0.037 (-0.059, -0.014) | 0.002 | -4.148 (-6.841, -1.455) | 0.004 |
Primary hospitals | ||||||||
ln (Total expenditure per case) | -0.005 (-0.011, 0.001) | 0.113 | 0.064 (0.020, 0.109) | 0.006 | 0.009 (0.000, 0.018) | 0.039 | 9.373 (8.651, 10.095) | 0.000 |
Length of stay | -0.100 (-0.262, 0.063) | 0.222 | 1.096 (-0.167, 2.360) | 0.087 | 0.235 (0.022, 0.449) | 0.032 | 7.788 (-19.674, 35.251) | 0.568 |
In-hospital mortality rate | -0.026 (-0.076, 0.023) | 0.291 | -0.261 (-0.609, 0.087) | 0.137 | 0.066 (-0.010, 0.141) | 0.088 | -9.395 (-17.074, -1.716) | 0.018 |