Table 4 Logistic regression analysis on the factors influencing behavior deviations^a

Predisposing factors

 Sex (Ref = Male)

  Female

0.74(0.57–0.96)*

0.87(0.60–1.26)

0.84(0.60–1.18)

1.03(0.64–1.66)

0.61(0.40–0.92)*

0.72(0.38–1.36)

 Age (Ref = 35–59)

  60–69

0.70(0.54–0.92)*

0.60(0.43–0.85)**

0.71(0.50–1.00)

0.61(0.39–0.96)*

0.65(0.42–1.00)

0.61(0.35–1.06)

  70–75

0.55(0.37–0.80)**

0.48(0.30–0.76)**

0.71(0.43–1.16)

0.56(0.30–1.05)

0.36(0.20–0.67)**

0.34(0.16–0.73)**

 Education (Ref = Illiteracy)

  Elementary school

1.32(0.99–1.77)

1.11(0.77–1.60)

1.08(0.74–1.58)

0.96(0.60–1.53)

1.78(1.11–2.86)*

1.43(0.78–2.61)

  Middle school

1.57(1.12–2.22)**

1.07(0.68–1.69)

1.06(0.68–1.65)

0.78(0.44–1.38)

2.95(1.69–5.15)***

1.98(0.88–4.45)

  High school or higher

2.07(1.26–3.41)**

1.30(0.68–2.47)

1.81(0.99–3.32)

1.28(0.59–2.80)

2.49(1.03–6.02)*

1.37(0.41–4.55)

 Marital status (Ref = Others)

  Married

0.87(0.58–1.29)

0.66(0.41–1.06)

0.86(0.49–1.50)

0.63(0.32–1.22)

0.87(0.49–1.57)

0.69(0.34–1.44)

Enabling factors

 Healthcare expenditure in the previous year (Ref =  < 3,000)

  3,000–4,999

2.34 (1.57–3.49)***

3.43(2.21–5.34)***

3.71(2.20–6.25)***

4.89(2.78–8.61)***

1.18(0.60–2.33)

1.89(0.88–4.07)

  5,000–9,999

3.75(2.55–5.53)***

5.71(3.69–8.84)***

5.06(2.98–8.61)***

6.84(3.84–12.17)***

2.68(1.48–4.85)**

4.20(2.08–8.50)***

  >  = 10,000

9.01(5.81–13.98)***

15.60(9.50–25.64)***

13.61(6.23–29.74)***

19.02(8.23–43.99)***

7.43(4.20–13.14)***

14.19(7.14–28.22)***

 Medical insurance (Ref = UEBMI)

  URRBMI

0.33(0.15–0.72)**

0.30(0.13–0.70)**

0.27(0.10–0.78)*

0.24(0.08–0.78)*

0.43(0.14–1.33)

0.40(0.10–1.52)

 Convenience of medical cost reimbursement (Ref = No reimbursed)

  Inconvenient

0.81(0.48–1.38)

0.68(0.37–1.25)

0.86(0.43–1.73)

0.70(0.31–1.55)

0.69(0.30–1.59)

0.66(0.24–1.78)

  Convenient

0.64(0.41–0.98)*

0.50(0.31–0.82)**

0.78(0.46–1.32)

0.63(0.35–1.13)

0.41(0.19–0.89)*

0.27(0.11–0.70)**

  Very convenient

0.47(0.32–0.68)***

0.36(0.23–0.55)***

0.48(0.30–0.78)**

0.38(0.22–0.65)***

0.42(0.22–0.81)**

0.28(0.13–0.62)**

Need factors

 PHC visits due to illness (Ref = No)

  Yes

0.45(0.35–0.59)***

0.35(0.26–0.48)***

0.49(0.35–0.68)***

0.39(0.26–0.57)***

0.40(0.26–0.62)***

0.28(0.16–0.48)***

 Polypharmacy (Ref = No)

  Yes

0.78(0.59–1.03)

0.55(0.38–0.78)**

0.86(0.55–1.36)

0.65(0.37–1.14)

0.65(0.44–0.98)*

0.58(0.34–0.97)*

 Need of guidance on health issues (Ref = No)

  Yes

0.87(0.75–1.28)

0.85(0.62–1.15)

1.07(0.76–1.50)

0.90(0.60–1.34)

0.86(0.56–1.31)

0.73(0.43–1.21)

Constant

-

2.514

-

2.476

-

2.709