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Table 1 Distribution of baseline characteristics for 17,182 participants and the results of Logistic regression models

From: Associations among socioeconomic status, multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases, and the risk of household catastrophic health expenditure in China: a population-based cohort study

 

Total

(N = 17,182)

Without multimorbidity

(N = 9430)

With multimorbidity

(N = 7752)

aOR (95% CI)

p value

Gender

     

 Male

8364 (48.7)

4797 (50.9)

3567 (46.0)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Female

8818 (51.3)

4633 (49.1)

4185 (54.0)

1.16 (1.09, 1.24)

< 0.001*

Age (years)

     

 45 ~ 54

6020 (35.0)

3876 (41.1)

2144 (27.7)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 55 ~ 64

6433 (37.4)

3422 (36.3)

3011 (38.8)

1.71 (1.60, 1.82)

< 0.001*

 65~

4729 (27.5)

2132 (22.6)

2597 (33.5)

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

0.156

Marital status

     

 Married

14,948 (87.0)

8322 (88.3)

6626 (85.5)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Other

2234 (13.0)

1108 (11.7)

1126 (14.5)

1.00 (0.90, 1.1)

0.931

Education

     

 Illiterate/semiliterate

7814 (45.5)

4034 (42.8)

3780 (48.8)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Primary school

3617 (21.1)

1951 (20.7)

1666 (21.5)

0.90 (0.83, 0.98)

0.013*

 Middle school

3545 (20.6)

2140 (22.7)

1405 (18.1)

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

0.960

 High school and above

2206 (12.8)

1305 (13.8)

901 (11.6)

1.09 (1.01, 1.16)

0.019*

Insurance

     

 None

1154 (6.7)

690 (7.3)

464 (6.0)

1.00 (ref.)

 

 UEBMI

1892 (11.0)

1000 (10.6)

892 (11.5)

1.49 (1.27, 1.76)

< 0.001*

 URBMI

784 (4.6)

358 (3.8)

426 (5.5)

1.81 (1.50, 2.20)

< 0.001*

 NRCMS

12,614 (73.4)

7014 (74.4)

5600 (72.2)

1.17 (1.03, 1.33)

0.016*

 Other

738 (4.3)

368 (3.9)

370 (4.8)

1.55 (1.27, 1.89)

< 0.001*

BMI

     

 Normal

10,849 (63.1)

6333 (67.2)

4516 (58.3)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Underweight

966 (5.6)

507 (5.4)

459 (5.9)

1.05 (0.92, 1.20)

0.472

 Overweight

3892 (22.7)

1995 (21.2)

1897 (24.5)

1.40 (1.29, 1.51)

< 0.001*

 Obesity

1475 (8.6)

595 (6.3)

880 (11.4)

2.23 (1.99, 2.50)

< 0.001*

Family size

     

 1 ~ 2

6194 (36.0)

3173 (33.6)

3021 (39.0)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 3 ~ 4

5886 (34.3)

34,561 (36.7)

2425 (31.3)

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.935

 5~

5102 (29.7)

2796 (29.7)

2306 (29.7)

1.05 (0.99, 1.11)

0.078

Residence

     

 Urban

6921 (40.3)

3775 (40.0)

3146 (40.6)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Rural

10,261 (59.7)

5655 (60.0)

4606 (59.4)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

0.565

Family economic level

     

 Lowest

4207 (24.5)

2223 (23.6)

1984 (25.6)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Lower

4315 (25.1)

2258 (23.9)

2057 (26.5)

0.93 (0.86, 1.00)

0.046

 Higher

4341 (25.3)

2415 (25.6)

1926 (24.8)

0.91 (0.86, 0.97)

0.003*

 Highest

4319 (25.1)

2534 (26.9)

1785 (23.0)

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

0.197

Economic development level

    

 Lowest

5398 (31.4)

2788 (29.6)

2610 (33.7)

1.00 (ref.)

—

 Lower

2924 (17.0)

1608 (17.1)

1316 (17.0)

0.81 (0.76, 0.86)

< 0.001*

 Higher

4727 (27.5)

2551 (27.1)

2176 (28.1)

0.96 (0.90, 1.02)

0.169

 Highest

4133 (24.1)

2483 (26.3)

1650 (21.3)

0.90 (0.85, 0.97)

0.003*

  1. Notes: aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; UEBMI: urban employee basic medical insurance; URBMI: urban resident basic medical insurance; NRCMS: new rural cooperative medical scheme; BMI: body mass index
  2. *p < 0.05
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BMC Health Services Research

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