Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic: health care disturbances and telemedicine as an alternative rheumatology practice in Indonesia

Table 2 Factors Associated with Healthcare and Treatment Disruption

Characteristic	Population (n = 311)	Need to Avoid Hospital Visit (p-value)^#	Stop Medication without Medical Advice (p-value)^#	The Use of Telemedicine (p-value)^#
Age, n (%)
Over 45 years old	87 (28.0)	0.776	0.454	0.616
Below 45 years old	204 (65.6)	0.776	0.454	0.616
Sex, n (%)
Female	299 (96.1)	0.209	0.005*	0.054
Male	12 (3.9)	0.209	0.005*	0.054
Education Level, n (%)
Graduate School	158 (50.8)	0.633	0.918	0.077
Primary-Secondary	153 (49.2)	0.633	0.918	0.077
Community Member, n (%)
No	38 (12.2)	0.723	0.604	0.663
Yes	273 (87.8)	0.723	0.604	0.663
Overall Concern, Mean ± SD/Total Score	3.9 ± 0.9/5
Poor (≥ 2.5), n (%)	282 (90.7)	0.014*	0.679	0.520
Fine (< 2.5), n (%)	29 (9.3)	0.014*	0.679	0.520
Overall Behavior, Mean ± SD/Total Score	3.1 ± 1.0/5
Poor (≥ 2.5), n (%)	221 (71.1)	0.001*	0.559	0.121
Fine (< 2.5), n (%)	90 (28.9)	0.001*	0.559	0.121
The region, n (%)
Non-Java Bali	51 (16.4)	0.549	0.207	0.343
Java-Bali	260 (83.6)	0.549	0.207	0.343
Level of PPKM, n (%)
4	301 (96.8)	0.081	0.414	0.181
≤ 3	10 (3.2)	0.081	0.414	0.181
Blocked Access during PPKM, n (%)
No	240 (77.2)	0.045*	0.251	0.642
Yes	71 (22.8)	0.045*	0.251	0.642
Transportation, n (%)
Public	111 (35.7)	0.981	0.810	0.016*
Private	200 (64.3)	0.981	0.810	0.016*

#Chi-square test; * <0.05: significant; ** <0.001: highly significant; SD: Standard Deviation; DMARD: Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug; PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat/Restriction on Community Activity)

ISSN: 1472-6963