Table 3 Respondents’ psychological wellbeing (DASS-21)
Scale | Â | Survey 1 | Survey 2 | Sig | Ranges for clinical cut-off points | Survey 1 | Survey 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DASS-21 Depression (range 0–21) | Mean (SD) | n = 610 | n = 434 |  | Normal (0–4) | 452 (76.2%) | 231 (54.7%) |
3.11 (3.69) | 4.91 (4.14) | p < 0.001 | Mild (5–6) | 50 (8.4%) | 59 (14.0%) | ||
|  |  |  | Moderate (7–10) | 56 (9.4%) | 88 (20.9%) | ||
|  |  |  |  | Severe (11–13) | 22 (3.7%) | 24 (5.7%) | |
| Â | Â | Â | Extremely Severe (14+) | 13 (2.2%) | 20 (4.7%) | ||
DASS-21 Anxiety (range 0–21) | Mean (SD) | n = 610 | n = 435 |  | Normal (0–3) | 480 (79.3%) | 299 (69.7%) |
2.08 (2.66) | 2.96 (3.22) | p < 0.001 | Mild (4–5) | 67 (11.1%) | 48 (11.2%) | ||
|  |  |  | Moderate (6–7) | 24 (4.0%) | 35 (8.2%) | ||
|  |  |  |  | Severe (8–9) | 20 (3.3%) | 22 (5.1%) | |
| Â | Â | Â | Extremely Severe (10+) | 14 (2.3%) | 25 (5.8%) | ||
DASS-21 Stress (range 0–21) | Mean (SD) | n = 608 | n = 436 |  | Normal (0–3) | 456 (76.4%) | 261 (61.3%) |
4.96 (3.99) | 6.71 (4.47) | p < 0.001 | Mild (4–5) | 65 (10.9%) | 56 (13.1%) | ||
|  |  |  | Moderate (6–7) | 47 (7.9%) | 58 (13.6%) | ||
|  |  |  |  | Severe (8–9) | 24 (4.0%) | 40 (9.4%) | |
| Â | Â | Â | Extremely Severe (10+) | 5 (0.8%) | 11 (2.6%) |